OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of craniofacial morphology between oral and nasal breathing children, and discover the relationship between respiratory mode and craniofacial morphology. METHODS Using the system for the simultaneous measurement of oral and nasal respiration, 34 oral breathing children and 34 nasal breathing children aged from 11 to 14 years we...

A society's allocation of working time to entrepreneurial, organizational and learning activities is the main factor behind technical change and economic growth. Building on Lucas (1978) and Kihlstrom and Laffont (1979), in this paper I offer evidence that the amount of working time spent by small business owners in entrepreneurial activities affects the performance of the business and reveals ...

Logistic growth process with nonlocal interactions is considered in one dimension. Spontaneous breakdown of translational invariance is shown to take place at some parameter region, and the bifurcation regime is identified for short and long-range interactions. Domain walls between regions of different order parameter are expressed as soliton solutions of the reduced dynamics for nearest-neighb...

The purpose of the present study was to assess the association between overbite and craniofacial growth pattern. The sample comprised eighty-six cephalograms obtained during the orthodontic pretreatment phase and analyzed using the Radiocef program to identify the craniofacial landmarks and perform orthodontic measurements. The variables utilized were overbite, the Jarabak percentage and the Ve...

Successful development depends on the creation of spatial gradients of transcription factors within developing fields, and images of graded distributions of gene products populate the pages of developmental biology journals. Therefore the challenge is to understand how the graded levels of intracellular transcription factors are generated across fields of cells. We propose that transcription fa...

Plants continue to grow and generate new organs in symmetric patterns throughout their lives. This development requires an interconnected regulation of genes, hormones, and anisotropic growth, which in part is guided by environmental cues. Recently, several studies have used a combination of experiments and mathematical modeling to elucidate the mechanisms behind different growth and molecular ...

According to Ravallion1 84 % of China’s population lived below the international poverty line of $1.25 per day in 1981, when only four countries, Cambodia, Burkina Faso, Mali and Uganda had a higher headcount index than China. However, The Economist (Jun 1st 2013) shows that China pulled 680 million people out of misery and reduced its extreme-poverty rate to 10% through economic growth in the ...

Most existing data mining (DM) approaches look for patterns in a single table. Multi-relational DM approaches, on the other hand, look for patterns that involve multiple tables. In recent years, the most common DM techniques have been extended to the multi-relational case, but there are few dedicated to star schemas. These schemas are composed of a central fact table, linking a set of dimension...

A first-principles statistical theory is constructed for the evolution of two dimensional interfaces in Laplacian fields. The aim is to predict the pattern that the growth evolves into, whether it becomes fractal and if so the characteristics of the fractal pattern. Using a time dependent map the growing region is conformally mapped onto the unit disk and the problem is converted to the dynamic...

Abatraet-We study the selection of the shape and growth velocity of three dimensionaf dendritic crystals in cubically anisotropic materials. We demonstrate that aside from minor additional complexities due to the lack of axisymmetry, the recently discovered mechanism of “microscopic solvability” can be extended to these systems and used to find a unique needle crystal solution of the equations ...