We show that the radiation damping rate of the transverse action of a particle in a straight, continuous focusing system is independent of the particle energy, and that no quantum excitation is induced. This absolute damping eeect leads to the existence of a transverse ground state which the particle inevitably decays to, and yields the minimum beam emittance that one can ever attain, min = ~=2...

The photoelectron spectrum of Fe,can be simply interpreted in terms of electron detachment from the mildly antibonding 4.~0: orbital of a ( ~ S O ~ ) ~ ( ~ S C Y = ) ~ ( ~ ~ ) ~ ~ anion. configuration for the ground state of Fe,, correlating with one ground state (4s23d6) and one excited state (4s13d7) Fe atom. A comparison of the bond length and vibrational frequency of Fe, to values for trans...

Using continued fractions we study the ground state properties of the spin– 1 2 Ising chain in a transverse field with periodically varying interaction strengths and external fields. We consider in detail the chain having the period of modulation of interactions equals 2 and compare the results obtained with those corresponding to the spin– 1 2 isotropic XY chain in a transverse field. In contr...

The classification of the lower levels of Lu I is mainly based on the pioneer work of Meggers and Scribner [1] and Klinkenberg [2 ] . In a recent investigation Verges and Wyart [3] observed 155 emission lines in the infrared region of 1 — 3.7/<m. By means of Fourier transform spectroscopy they measured the magnetic and electric hyperfine constants of the combining levels of 40 lines for the iso...

We propose a conditional scheme to generate entangled two-photons generalized binomial states inside two separate single-mode high-Q cavities. This scheme requires that the two cavities are initially prepared in entangled one-photon generalized binomial states and exploits the passage of two appropriately prepared two-level atoms one in each cavity. The measurement of the ground state of both a...

The spin Hamiltonian that describes the molecular magnet Fe8 has biaxial symmetry with mutually perpendicular easy, medium, and hard magnetic axes. Previous calculations of the ground state tunnel splittings in the presence of a magnetic field along the hard axis are extended, and the meaning of the previously discovered oscillation of this splitting is further clarified. 75.50.Xx, 75.45.+j, 03...

We study the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations in the presence of a background metric ds = −dt + dx + e(dy + dz) in a semiinfinite lab (x > 0). This metric has a constant scalar curvature R = 6g and is produced by a perfect fluid with equation of state p = −ρ/3. The eigenfunctions of spin-0 and spin-1/2 particles are obtained exactly, and the quantized energy eigenvalues are compared. It is show...

One of the most popular flow-routing approaches to the extraction of channel networks from DEMs is the D8 approach. Several algorithms based on this method have been developed so far, but none provides a satisfactory solution to the problem of parallel lines. In this study, a new algorithm named DRainage Axis Way (DRAW) is developed. It has seven core routines, and three of them are similar to ...

The HCCO radical is of great interest in combustion chemistry because it is a key intermediate in the oxidation of small hydrocarbons such as acetylene. Spectroscopic information has been limited to a handful of experiments, none of which has adequately characterized the Renner–Teller interaction of the two lowest-lying electronic states. In this paper, theory recently developed to describe the...

In this paper we predict many interesting new properties of vortices in highly anisotropic density wave systems subject to strong transverse electric fields. We mainly concentrate on ground state properties. Besides electric field-induced vortices we consider also thermally activated vortices. A new type of temperature-driven transition between two different phases of density waves in strong fi...