INTRODUCTION The Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT) intervention protocol was developed by collaborating trial investigators during a 24-month planning phase. To select the specific intervention methods included in the COMMIT protocol, the investigators used a wide variety of data from controlled and demonstration trials of smoking control strategies as well as advice f...

Bacterial populations display high heterogeneity in viability and physiological activity at the single-cell level, especially under stressful conditions. We demonstrate a novel staining protocol for multiparameter assessment of individual cells in physiologically heterogeneous populations of cyanobacteria. The protocol employs fluorescent probes, i.e., redox dye 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium ...

BACKGROUND Azaheterocycles are an important class of compounds because of their highly potent medicinal activities, and the imidazole subcategory is of special interest in regard to drug discovery research. FINDINGS An expeditious synthetic protocol of 2-aryl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazoles has been accomplished by reacting phenylglyoxal monohydrate, ammonium acetate, and aldehyde under sonication. Fo...

A team of experts in biology, chemistry, and toxicology has developed a protocol to help industrial scientists detect endocrinedisrupting tendencies early in the chemical development process. What sets the Tiered Protocol for Endocrine Disruption (TiPED) apart from the protocols typically used to assess product safety is its incorporation of what the authors believe to be the best assays for de...

Abstract Einkorn ( Triticum monococcum L.) can be applied as a model species for cereal genomic studies due to its small genome size and high level of polymorphism. The in vitro somatic tissue culture protocol einkorn was significantly improved recently, however the androgenesis remained an unresolved research topic. Five different pre-treatments were compared study effects stress on efficiency...

a green and efficient one pot, three component protocol for synthesis of naphthopyranopyrimidines by cyclocondensation of β-naphthol, aldehyde, and 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil using l-proline as a beneficial catalyst with high catalytic activity under solvent-free conditions at 100 °c is described. in this study, several types of aromatic aldehyde, containing electron-withdrawing groups as well ...

nowadays, paying attention to the environmental needs and desires of consumersand trying to satisfy them by designing marketing activities in an environmentallyfriendly way, is the best way to increase their satisfaction and finally, gaincompetitive advantage. prior research has paid much attention to the consumerbehavior and marketing activities of corporate organizations, but none has studied...

We report N-iodosuccinimide as the most efficient and selective precatalyst among N-halosuccinimides for dehydrative O-alkylation reactions between various alcohols under high-substrate concentration reaction conditions. The protocol is non-metal, one-pot, selective, easily scalable, with excellent yields; enhancing green chemical profiles of these transformations.

objective: to compare the pregnancy outcomes achieved by in vitro fertilization (ivf) between minimal stimulation and conventional antagonist protocols in poor ovarian responders (pors). materials and methods: in this randomized controlled trial, 77 pors undergoing ivf were selected and divided into two groups. first group was the minimal stimulation group (n = 42) receiving 100 mg/day clomiphe...

today, optimal performance and cost advantages of using internet telephony are obvious. despite current standardized techniques, voice transferring through protocol (voip) has lower security than traditional telephony. one of the most important security issues which should be noticed in using voip is end -to-end user2 identity, i.e. when  there is a connection between user a and b, user a shoul...