An one-pot method has been developed for the synthesis of azo dyes via sequential diazotization–diazo coupling of aromatic amines with coupling agents at room temperature in the presence of Bi(NO3)3. 5H2O. Short reaction times, high yields, a clean process, simple methodology, easy work-up and green ‎conditions are advantages of this protocol.‎

Silica gel has been used for synthesis of biscoumarin derivatives starting from 4-hydroxycoumarin and aryl aldehydes. The reaction conditions are completely in agreement with green chemistry principles including sing water as media and a recyclable and safe catalyst. This method is also simple and inexpensive and leads to high yield of products in short reaction times.

[B(OH)3]0.78[B(OH)2(OSO3H)]0.22 or (BSA) was simply prepared by addition of chlorosulfonic acid to commercial boric acid at room temperature. This cheap and green solid acid was used as an efficient catalyst for synthesis of acylals from aldehydes under solvent-free conditions at room temperature.

An effective one-pot synthesis of dihydropyrimidinonoes in solvent free conditions using CuCl2 as an inexpensive and readily available reagent through Biginelli condensation reaction of aldehyde derivatives, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and urea is described. Excellent yields, short reaction times for formation of the products and simple work-up are attractive features of this green protocol.

cabbage leaf miner scaptomyza flava (fallen) (l)iptera: drosophilidae) is a native and oligophagous leaf miner insect on cruciferous plants (brassicaceae). it occurs in many parts of the world and throughout khuzestan. the relationship between feeding and ovipositional preferences of insect, and host plant suitability on seven host plant species (cauliflower brassica oleracea var. botryds, ...

Some enchytraeid species of tropical, subtropical or Mediterranean origin can appear in artificial environments, e.g. green houses due to the worldwide commercial network. Since the used soil from green houses is often disposed outdoors, a question raised that these exotic enchytraeid species could survive under continental climate conditions. In this experiment two of the resettled green house...

sensitivity of tomato fruits to chilling injury limits its storage and marketability. this study investigated the effect of hot water treatment (hwt) on reducing the consequences of chilling injury (ci) with respect to quality attributes of tomatoes during storage. tomatoes were harvested at three ripening stages: mature green, pink, and red; dipped in hot water at 45°c for 15 min; and stored a...

Symbiotic associations are of broad significance in evolution and biodiversity. Green Hydra is a classic example of endosymbiosis. In its gastrodermal myoepithelial cells it harbors endosymbiotic unicellular green algae, most commonly from the genus Chlorella. We reconstructed the phylogeny of cultured algal endosymbionts isolated and maintained in laboratory conditions for years from green Hyd...

This paper describes the photosynthetic response of a Roseobacter strain of marine aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria to an organic substrate limitation. In batch cultures, higher values of the spheroidenone/bacteriochlorophyll a ratio were observed under substrate-deficient conditions. Interestingly, the maximum photochemical quantum efficiencies of the photosystem under substrate-defici...

In this study, multi component Hantzsch reaction was carried out between various  Aromatic Aldehyde with Dimedone,Ethyl acetateand ammonium acetate to produce polyhydroquinolinederivatives under solvent-free conditions at 110oC by a (Zinc oxide  nanocatalyst) as effective Lewis acid. The remarkable advantages offered by this method compared with other methods are a green catalyst, simple work-u...