In Francis and Steel (2015), it was shown that there exists non-trivial networks on 4 leaves upon which the distance metric affords a metric on a tree which is not the base tree of the network. In this paper we extend this result in two directions. We show that for any tree T there exists a family of non-trivial HGT networks N for which the distance metric dN affords a metric on T . We addition...

Theoretical and empirical studies have begun to explore the structure and function of the human brain from a system perspective, using network science to abstractly model the brain as a set of nodes (e.g., brain regions) and edges (e.g., structural or functional connections) [1]. Within this framework, many studies have identified a small set of highly connected network nodes, referred to as hu...

The phenomenon of ball lightning still remains one of the greatest mysteries in the field of the plasma science and electromagnetism. Despite enormous contemporary advancements into the micro-world – the structure of elementary particles, nuclei, atoms, and the origin, evolution, and structure of the universe, the natural phenomenon of ball lightning, which literally appears right in front of o...

SOME OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL QUALITY leaders are those who have mastered physician engagement. But working with physicians in a positive and collaborative manner eludes many health care executives and physician leaders. I’m not sure why, but whatever the reason, physician engagement is critical to your success as a quality leader. Your ability to partner with your colleagues in a collaborative, ...

Shared online databases, such as Google Fusion Tables or Quickbase, allow community members to collaboratively maintain and browse data. While users may believe in conflicting facts (due to conflicting sources, measurements or opinions), current online databases do not offer support for the management of data conflicts. Thus online databases could clearly benefit from technology for uncertain/i...

It is generally accepted that the most ancient European mitochondrial haplogroup, U5, has evolved essentially in Europe. To resolve the phylogeny of this haplogroup, we completely sequenced 113 mitochondrial genomes (79 U5a and 34 U5b) of central and eastern Europeans (Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Russians and Belorussians), and reconstructed a detailed phylogenetic tree, that incorporates previousl...

In this work we present a P system based model of the ecosystem dynamics of plant communities. It is applied to four National Hunting Reservoirs in Catalan Pyrenees (Spain). In previous works several natural highmountainecosystems and population dynamics were modeled, but in those works grass was considered unlimited and changes in plant communities were not taken into account. In our new model...