Vertical dust deposition rates (dust flux) are a complex response to the interaction of seasonal precipitation, wind, changes in plant cover and land use, dust source type, and local vs. distant dust emission in the southwestern U.S. Seasonal dust flux in the Mojave–southern Great Basin (MSGB) deserts, measured from 1999 to 2008, is similar in summer–fall and winter–spring, and antecedent preci...

Herbivorous waterfowl populations have increasingly adapted to forage on agricultural land and triggered a parallel rise in damage crops. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most commonly reported crop damaged northern Europe, farmers demand management actions mitigate economic impacts. Here, we apply two approaches (exclosure experiments undisturbed fields yield assessments subject scaring...

An increasing human population is placing greater demand on soil resources, and as a result degradation is taking place in many regions of the world. This is critical because soils perform a number of essential processes including supporting food and fiber production, influencing air quality through interaction with the atmosphere, and serving as a medium for storage and purification of water. ...

Herbivory and fire promote changes in vegetation patches of arid environments, recruitment plays a key role their maintenance. We studied seedling dynamics seven sites with different land use histories related to grazing north-eastern Patagonian Monte, Argentina. selected shrub grazed/burned areas. On each patch, we established microsites along an under-canopy windward/leeward transect. Seedlin...

Barbary macaques live in extreme temperate environments characterized by strongly seasonal resource availability. They are mainly terrestrial while foraging, harvesting food from the herbaceous layer. These monkeys are threatened mainly because of anthropogenic habitat degradation. We studied the adaptive capacities of wild groups of Barbary macaques that lived in different cedar forests underg...

Integrated crop-livestock (ICL) systems have shown potential to provide a variety of environmental benefits including soil carbon (C) increases relative conventional row cropping systems. However, studies documenting C dynamics ICL in the northern Great Plains are lacking other agroecosystems. Soil CO2 efflux, crop biomass, and organic matter (SOM) pools were monitored over three years an rotat...

Semi-natural forests and dry grasslands are highly fragmented influenced by human activity. Despite the small area, they serve as refuge for habitat-specific species enhance agrolandscape biodiversity. We studied spiders in Velykoburlutskyi Steppe Regional Landscape Park (northeastern Ukraine) 10 years found 224 of 26 families; these, 27 rare require protection. The araneofauna gullies is poore...

dena biosphere reserve located in iran and is a 550 biosphere reserve in the worlds. this research was investigated in the two protected and non-protected areas, in a dena biosphere reserve, kohkeloye va boyrahmad province, and central zagros forest, southwest of iran. inventory methods designed by systemetic-randomaiz method by use the rectangular plots that were 15×30 meters in the 100×100 m ...

Dena Biosphere Reserve located in Iran and is a 550 Biosphere Reserve in the worlds. This research was investigated in the two protected and non-protected areas, in a Dena Biosphere Reserve, Kohkeloye va Boyrahmad province, and central zagros forest, southwest of Iran. Inventory methods designed by systemetic-randomaiz method by use the rectangular plots that were 15×30 meters in the 100×100 m ...