The enstrophy inertial range of a family of two-dimensional turbulent flows, so-called -turbulence, is investigated theoretically and numerically. Introducing the large-scale correction into Kraichnan–Leith– Batchelor theory, we derive a unified form of the enstrophy spectrum for the local and non-local transfers in the enstrophy inertial range of -turbulence. An asymptotic scaling behavior of ...

Collisions of bubble jets have been experimentally studied in normal gravity conditions. The experimental setup, designed for a future use in a low gravity environment, allows the control of the impact angle between jets, bubble size and velocity. Individual bubble properties and the whole jet structure are analyzed from the images recorded. We present results on the role played by the impact a...

We report on a numerical study of the impact of short, fast inertia-gravity waves on the large-scale, slowlyevolving flow with which they co-exist. A nonlinear quasigeostrophic numerical model of a stratified shear flow is used to simulate, at reasonably high resolution, the evolution of a large-scale mode which grows due to baroclinic instability and equilibrates at finite amplitude. Ageostrop...

Turbidity currents in the ocean and lakes are driven by suspended sediment. The vertical profiles of velocity and excess density are shaped by interaction between the current and bed as well as between the current and the ambient water. This paper presents 48 series of experiments in which saline gravity currents flow through a laboratory sinuous flume. flume contains three successive bends wit...

This paper analyzes the effects of exchange rate volatility on bilateral trade flows. Through use of a gravity model and panel data from western Europe, exchange rate uncertainty is found to have a negative effect on international trade. The results seem to be robust with respect to the particular measures representing exchange rate uncertainty. Particular attention is reserved for problems of ...

Any non-spherical distribution of density inside planets and stars gives rise to a non-spherical external gravity and change of shape. If part or all of the observed zonal flows at the cloud deck of Jupiter and Saturn represent deep interior dynamics, then the density perturbations associated with the deep zonal flows could generate gravitational signals detectable by the Juno mission and the C...

A Gravity Model of Migration between ENC and EU Due to ageing population and low birth rates, the European Union (EU) will need to import foreign labour in the next decades. In this context, the EU neighbouring countries (ENC) are the main countries of origin and transit of legal and illegal migration towards Europe. Their economic, cultural and historical links also make them an important pote...

Spatial interaction is a broad term encompassing any movement over space that results from a human process . It includes journey-to-work, migration, information and commodity flows, student enrollments and conference attendance, the utilization of public and private facilities, and even the transmission of knowledge . Gravity models are the most widely used types of interaction models . They ar...

This paper uses a gravity model to assess ex-post regional trade agreements. The model includes 130 countries and is estimated with panel data over the period 1962–1996. The introduction of the correct number of dummy variables allows for identification of Vinerian trade creation and trade diversion effects, while the estimation method takes into account the unobservable characteristics of each...