In EFL context, errors analysis is done to illuminate the comprehension improve learners’ writing processes and products. grammatical construction, language grammars or structures must reflect flexibility conventionality of usage users’ knowledge. This study aimed at identifying made by international learners English studies programs in producing descriptive texts. was working qualitative ways....

Artificial grammar learning (AGL) is a form of nondeclarative memory that involves the nonconscious acquisition of abstract rules. While data from amnesic patients indicate that AGL does not depend on the medial temporal lobe, the neural basis of this type of memory is unknown and was therefore examined using event-related fMRI. Prior to scanning, participants studied letter strings constructed...

In this paper we present an approach to train subatom embeddings for verbs. For each verb we learn not just one embedding, but several. One for the verb itself and embeddings for each grammatical role of this verb. For example, for the verb ‘to give’ we learn four embeddings: one for the lemma ‘give’, one for the subject, one for the direct object and one for the indirect object of it. We are e...

We propose a joint inference algorithm for grammatical error correction. Different from most previous work where different error types are corrected independently, our proposed inference process considers all possible errors in a uni ed framework. We use integer linear programming (ILP) to model the inference process, which can easily incorporate both the power of existing error classi ers and ...

In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm for parsing natural language using unification grammars. The algorithm is an extension of left-corner parsing, a bottom-up algorithm which utilizes top-down expectations. The extension exploits unification grammar’s uniform representation of syntactic, semantic, and domain knowledge, by incorporating all types of grammatical knowledge into parser...

I show how a conversational process that takes simple, intuitively meaningful steps may be understood as a sophisticated computation that derives the richly detailed, complex representations implicit in our knowledge of language. To develop the account, I argue that natural language is structured in a way that lets us formalize grammatical knowledge precisely in terms of rich primitives of inte...

â  â  â  reasons of differences in grammatical opinions among the ancients â â â â â â â  ryadh alsawad * â  marzieh ghorbankhani ** â  â  abstract â â â  the most important characteristic of the rules of arabic language is their extent and diversity, so that they are difficult for learners to manage and learn. there are different reasons that play role in formation of this diversity. some reas...