Multilingual generation is becoming an increasingly important aspect of implemented systems that showcase the abilities of generation systems. Most such systems require multiple grammars, one for each language which must be deployed. Yet little is known about the development costs for additional languages which are developed not from scratch, but by adapting existing resources. We ported a stan...

The aim of this study is twofold. First, to investigate the use of functional categories by two Greek agrammatic aphasics. Second, to discuss the implications of our findings for the characterization of the deficit in agrammatism. The functional categories under investigation were the following: definite and indefinite articles, personal pronouns, aspect, tense, subject-verb agreement, wh-prono...

One of the oldest questions in cognitive science asks whether children are able to learn language (or anything) because they are equipped with a very powerful general-purpose learning mechanism or because they are equipped with a domain-specific constrained language acquisition device. Recent advances in statistical approaches to language learning seem to boost the plausibility of general-purpo...

Temporal for-adverbials and in-adverbials are commonly used as a diagnostics for distinguishing between perfective and imperfective aspect, respectively. We observe that in Czech imperfective verbs may combine with in-adverbials as long as the resulting reading is a bounded ability reading. We argue, in line with van Geenhoven (2004); Zucchi and White (2001), that there is no intrinsic grammati...

Building on earlier work, Vendler (1957) identifies four aktionsart classes for predicates in English: states, activities, accomplishments, and achievements. These classes reflect predicates’ shared behavior in various grammatical constructions that are sensitive to certain components of their meaning. This raises a core question in the literature on aspect. “What exactly,” as Filip (2011:1192)...

The meaning and function of two verbals as well as syntactic constraints on their use are analyzed. It is shown that the treatment of participles in traditional grammar is inadequate as the constraining mechanisms are not explained and their relationship to the grammatical meaning of participles is not accounted for. A cognitive approach in the framework of a cognitive theory of tense and aspec...

Tawang Monpa, also known as Dakpa, is an East Bodish language spoken in Arunachal Pradesh India, and Trashigang Bhutan. This article a brief description of the main grammatical features language. In section about nouns noun phrase use case markers topic marker will be discussed detail, addition to other related phrase. verbs verb negation various adverbial suffixes well set tense, aspect, modal...

Unlike Lexical Projections, Functional Projections (Extended Projections) are more of an ‘abstract’ in nature. Therefore, Functional Projections seem to be acquired later than Lexical Projections by the L2 learners. The present study investigates Iranian L2 learners’ acquisition of English Extended Projections taking into account their level of grammatical proficiency. Specifically, the aim is ...