Policies are used to control the behavior of large-scale systems. After policies are designed and before policies are implemented, it should be possible to analyze the policies and verify that they behave as expected. Graph transformations provide a good method to carry out the analysis and verification because of the intuitive representation of policies and the mature theory. Here, we show how...

A phase-field approach for quantitative simulations of grain growth in anisotropic systems is introduced, together with a new methodology to derive appropriate model parameters that reproduce given misorientation and inclination dependent grain boundary energy and mobility in the simulations. The proposed model formulation and parameter choice guarantee a constant diffuse interface width and co...

Note that if ∑ agg ∈ I, then ∑ ag = 0 so that ∑ agg = ∑ agg− ∑ ag1 = ∑ ag(g−1), so that every element in I is a Z-linear combination of the elements g− 1 (g ∈ G, g 6= 1). Also, if ∑ ag(g− 1) = 0, it follows that ag = 0 for all g so that the elements g − 1 (g ∈ G, g 6= 1) are linearly independent. (b) Notice that the ideal generated by the elements s− 1 (s ∈ S) is the same as the ideal generated...

truction combined with measures such as the improvement of dwelling houses and the better storage of grain to lessen the rat population? Admittedly the I M. S is merely advisory in such matters, but for what it is worth I venture to express the following opinions, viz. (i) That in years to come it will be recognised that the one and only method of dealing successfully with Bubonic Plague is rig...

Governments often actively participate in storage and trading activities and impose price controls to allay fears of future scarcity and to control ‘collusive practices’ and ‘speculative activities’ of private operators. In this paper, we analyze the impacts of deregulating domestic grain markets in India based on a spatial equilibrium model of interstate trade under arbitrage opportunities. We...

Rice production is challenged by the asymmetric increases in day and night temperatures. Efforts are required to improve our understanding of the impact of climate change on rice production. To this end, 2-year experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of mid-season rice growth in the central and southern regions of China to elevated temperatures. Four replicates of four widely planted ...

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) are major warm-season cereals largely grown for grain production in the semi-arid tropical regions of Asia and Africa. Under rain-fed farming systems with little external inputs, their grain yield levels are often low (<1 t /ha). However, improved hybrid cultivars, when grown under well-irrigated and well-fertilized conditions, hav...

Despite development of high-resolution [1] and in situ [2] microscopies, grain boundaries remain something of an enigma, especially in ceramic materials where second-phase glass is often found to be present as films or precipitates in the interfacial regions. The glass is an unavoidable product in the liquid-phase sintering (LPS) process and incorporates intentional additives and accidental imp...

Principal component analysis is a valid method used for data compression and information extraction in a given set of experiments. It is a well-known classical data analysis technique. There are a number of algorithms for solving the problems, some scaling better than others. Wheat ranks as the staple food of most of the nations as well as an agent of poverty reduction, food security and world ...