Mobilization of free sugars from vegetative tissues to grain and their transformation to starch in relation to activities of some relevant enzymes during growth and development were investigated in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Vegetative tissues, viz. flag-leaf, flag-leaf sheath, nodes and internodes contained high concentration of free sugars from 70 DAS to 18 DPA and that was in the order of...

The driving force for coarsening is provided by the excess interfacial free energy. In a system with isotropic interface energies, classical coarsening theories can predict the evolution of the sizes of spherical crystals. However, if the interfaces are anisotropic, crystal growth and shrinkage may be limited by the surface attachment/detachment rate, the motion of ledges, or the nucleation of ...

This study evaluates the potential for adaptability and tolerance of wheat genotypes (G) to an arid environment. We examined the influence of drought stress (DS) (100, 75, and 50% field capacity), planting times (PT) (16-November, 01-December, 16-December and 01-January), and G (Yocoro Rojo, FKAU-10, Faisalabad-08, and Galaxy L-7096) on phenological development, growth indices, grain yield, and...

Fatigue crack growth is a complex process that involves interactions between many elements ranging across several length scales. This work provides an in-depth, experimental study of fatigue crack growth and the relationships between four of these elements: strain field, microstructure, crack path, and crack growth rate. Multiple data sets were acquired for fatigue crack growth in a nickel-base...

Large-aspect-ratio grains are needed in polycrystalline thin-film solar cells for reduced charge recombination at grain boundaries; however, the grain size in organolead trihalide perovskite (OTP) films is generally limited by the film thickness. Here we report the growth of OTP grains with high average aspect ratio of 2.3-7.9 on a wide range of non-wetting hole transport layers (HTLs), which i...

A phase-field model is developed for predicting the polarization switching and domain structure evolution under an applied electric field in ferroelectric polycrystals. The model takes into account realistic grain structures as well as various energetic contributions, including elastic energy, electrostatic energy, and domain wall energy. A hysteresis loop – average polarization as a function o...

The grain procurement and marketing system was established in China in the early 1950s. The primary policy objective was to ensure equal and relatively efficient distribution of limited grain among consumers and industrial users, and to ensure the growth of grain production at the planned rate. At the same time, it was assigned another important task: to divert agricultural surplus into investm...

A two dimensional cellular automata model has been developed to simulate and to study grain growth behavior during solidification and recrystallization processes, including predicting mechanical properties of metallic materials or investigating mechanical defects. Using the algorithm implemented, grain growth in model materials (nickel-based and titanium alloys) has been calculated in different...

Nanocrystalline metals demonstrate a range of fascinating properties, including high levels of mechanical strength. However, as these materials are exposed to high temperatures, it is critical to determine the grain size evolution, as this process can drastically change the mechanical properties. In this work, nanocrystalline sputtered Cu thin films with 43 +/- 2 nm grain size were produced by ...