There is little consensus about how natural (e.g. productivity, disturbance) and anthropogenic (e.g. invasive species, habitat destruction) ecological drivers influence biodiversity. Here, we show that when sampling is standardised by area (species density) or individuals (rarefied species richness), the measured effect sizes depend critically on the spatial grain and extent of sampling, as wel...

The objective of this study was to develop a flow model for grain combinesbased on the laboratory and field response of an impact based grain flow sensor. The grainflow model developed in this study is of first order with constant coefficients. A computercode was written to solve the model and to simulate the response of a yield sensor whoseresponse had been determined previously for various ty...

If you can look into the seeds of time, And say which grain will grow, and which will not, Speak then to me.

Although theory established the necessary conditions for diversification in temporally heterogeneous environments, empirical evidence remains controversial. One possible explanation is the difficulty of designing experiments including the relevant range of temporal grains and the appropriate environmental trade-offs. Here, we experimentally explore the impact of the grain on the diversification...

This investigation was done in order to study the response of grain yield and yield components of bread wheat cultivars to drought stress in western Iran in 2008-2009. The main plots were levels of drought stress (full irrigation, stress at early stem elongation, flowering and grain filling stages) and subplots were five cultivars (Chamran, Dez and Verinak). The results indicated that the effec...

Grain boundary motion may be accompanied with vacancy generation [1–4]. A typical case where a moving grain boundary produces vacancies is in primary recrystallisation, when the growth of a recrystallised grain at the cost of a grain with a large dislocation density involves release of excess free volume. Vacancies are also generated during grain growth, when the total volume of the grain bound...

Yolk-shell hybrid nanoparticles with noble metal core and programmed semiconductor shell composition may exhibit synergistic effects and tunable catalytic properties. In this work, the hydrothermal cation exchange synthesis of Au@ZnS-AgAuS yolk-shell nanocrystals (Y-S NCs) with well-fabricated void size, grain-boundary-architectured ZnS-AgAuS shell and in situ generated Au cocatalyst are demons...

The Drake Passage (DP) is the major geographic constriction for the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and exerts a strong control on the exchange of physical, chemical, and biological properties between the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Ocean basins. Resolving changes in the flow of circumpolar water masses through this gateway is, therefore, crucial for advancing our understanding of the Sou...

The occurence of polygonal structures is widespread in nature 1]. Extensive investigations on the statistics of two-dimensional networks have been performed for biological tissues 2, 3], clusters of metal grains 4, 5], systems of soap bubbles 6, 7, 8], emulsion lattices 9], gas bubbles in Lang-muir monolayers 10], magnetic froth 11] or convective patterns in hydrody-namics 12, 13, 14]. The stro...

^Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama ^Archaeobiology Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20560, USA ^Department of Anthropology, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02130, USA ^Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Mount Carm...