The decline in cash revenue in Russia has been the key macroeconomic policy failure of the transition. During 1994–98, a sharp deterioration in cash compliance was offset by a rise in non-cash revenue, as the government increasingly financed its spending through mutual arrears write-offs. This paper argues that the fall in cash compliance emerged when money printing was replaced with a method o...

The increasingly commodity nature of storage and our insatiable tendency to produce, store, and use large amounts of data exacerbates the problem of ensuring data survivability. The advent of large robust networks has gained the idea of replicating data on remote hosts wide-spread acceptance. Unfortunately, the growth of network bandwidth is far outstripped by both the growth of both storage ca...

Against welfare dependence models, this paper argues that in the ’70s Americans flooded the labor market, helping to suppress wages and make more people poor. It also argues that capitalist markets normally generate unemployment, which sustains poverty; capitalist nations in Europe with less poverty don’t have better free markets but their governments pay needy people more. These facts were inv...

Transnational ageing presents fundamental challenges to nationally bounded welfare states, which historically have tended to be organised according to a logic of solidarity among nationals and permanent residents of a given state territory. Nonetheless, the Dutch and French governments have taken steps to break this link between solidarity and territorially bounded consumption of welfare, by pr...

Readers of this issue of the American Psychologist will have two interests in the federal government's policies for research on children. First, there is the important practical question of whether financial support for one's field is available. Second, there is a set of general issues concerning how government has involved itself in research on children and the influence of federal funding pol...

BACKGROUND In this paper we present the research design and methods of a study that seeks to capture local level responses to an Australian national social policy initiative, aimed at reducing inequalities in the social determinants of health. METHODS/DESIGN The study takes a policy-to-practice approach and combines policy and stakeholder interviewing with a comparative case study analysis of...

An examination of the nexus of security, insecurity and health shows that security is a prerequisite for health. The many and varied ways that armed violence--including threats of armed violence--can affect people's health can be documented by formal studies; however, valuable data also exist in other reports, such as media reports. The health community needs to recognize that people's insecuri...

this paper aims to investigate the effect of budget deficit shock on government spending in indonesia. for this propose, this reasearch uses an alternative error correction model based on loss function of government spending. the model assumes the short run disequilibrium, in which shock variables may play an important role. a spesific loss function model is applied to develop the long run gove...

this study investigated the factors influencing the decision to plant almonds in the saman region of chaharmahal-bakhtiari province in central iran through conducting an economic survey in 2005. using portfolio investment theory and econometric model esti-mation (shively, 1998), this paper identifies the most important factors influencing the in-dividual farmer’s decision concerning the number ...