BACKGROUND Validation of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays is important for evaluating antibody responses to influenza virus, and selection of erythrocytes for use in these assays is important. This study aimed to determine the correlation between receptor binding specificity and effectiveness of the HI assay for detecting antibody response to pandemic influenza H1N1 (pH1N1) virus. METH...

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 62351-6 standard specifies the security mechanisms to protect real-time communications based on IEC 61850. Generic Object Oriented Substation Events (GOOSE) and Sampled Value (SV) messages must be generated, transmitted processed in less than 3 ms, which challenges introduction of 62351-6. After evaluating threats 61850 state art GOOSE SV security...

It was a nice October day in the year 1997, the world of carmakers was celebrating Daimler–Benz’s new highend luxury limousine “Mercedes-Benz Maybach’’ at the Tokyo Motor Show, when suddenly the news about the “Moose-Test’’ fell like a bombshell. With the so-called swerve to avoid hitting elks (“Moose-Test’’), the Swedish car tester Robert Collin had destroyed the reputation of Mercedes’ A-Clas...

Goose management in Europe is faced by multiple challenges, as some species are declining and need of conservation actions, while other populations have become very abundant, resulting calls for increased harvest. Sweden has long-term series harvest data counts breeding autumn-staging geese. We used national (indices) greylag goose, bean goose Canada to study shifts temporal trends correlative ...

Nebraska's Rainwater Basin (RWB) is a key spring migration area for millions of waterfowl and other avian species. Avian cholera has been endemic in the RWB since the 1970s and in some years tens of thousands of waterfowl have died from the disease. We evaluated patterns of avian cholera mortality in waterfowl species using the RWB during the last quarter of the 20th century. Mortality patterns...

When differently sized species feed on the same resources, interference competition may occur, which may negatively affect their food intake rate. It is expected that competition between species also alters behaviour and feeding patch selection. To assess these changes in behaviour and patch selection, we applied an experimental approach using captive birds of three differently sized Anatidae s...

Taking the Small Wild Goose Pagoda in Tang-Dynasty as a case, study this paper mainly researches the key technologies of the 3D reality-based modeling from real data and of the 3D virtual walkthrough of the cultural archaeological sites. Firstly, this paper puts forward the method of the 3D digital data process of the cultural archaeological sites by way of combining the technologies of the 3D ...

Standardization in smart grid communications is necessary to facilitate complex operations of modern power system functions. However, the strong coupling between the cyber and physical domains of the contemporary grid exposes the system to vulnerabilities and thus places more burden on standards’ developers. As such, standards need to be continuously assessed for reliability and are expected to...

In this study, we report the establishment and characterization of a new epithelial cell line, goose embryonated epithelial cell line (GEE), derived from embryonic goose tissue. The purified GEE cell line can efficiently grow over 65 passages in the M199 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C. Immunofluorescence assay was used to identify purified GEE cells as epithelial cell l...