Goldfish and rat optic nerves were cut and crushed, respectively, and the expression of the transcription factor proteins c-JUN, JUN B, JUN D, c-FOS, FOS B, KROX-24, and CREB was investigated in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) by immunocytochemistry. Immunoreactivities (IRs) were followed up to 350 days in the goldfish and up to 22 days in the rat. In RGCs of untreated goldfish and rats, all JUN,...

MAX 350 WORDS) Melatonin is currently proposed to be synthesized in non-photosensitive organs of vertebrates, besides its well-known sites of synthesis, the pineal gland and the retina. However, very few studies have demonstrated gene expression of MEL synthesizing enzymes in extrapineal and extraretinal locations. In the present study, present study focuses on the circadian expression of the t...

In nature, the caudal fins of fish species are frequently lost to some extent by aggressive behaviour, predation and diseases. To test whether the swimming performance of fish with different swimming capacities would be differentially affected due to caudal fin loss and regeneration, we investigated the critical swimming speed (Ucrit), swimming metabolic rate (M(O2)), tail beat frequency (f(TB)...

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the diet containing Laurencia caspica (red algae) on blood parameters and digestive enzymes activity of goldfish after 90-day period. Goldfish (weight 6.10±0.1 gr) were divided to four experimental groups (30 individuals in each replication) including experimental treatment of the control group (without using red algae) and three trea...

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chemical pollutants presence in water may induce severe ecological consequences and consequently affecting aquatic ecosystems integrity. heavy metals are dangerous pollutants for aquatic inhabitants that have a great stability. heavy metals contamination (pollution) of the surface waters happens widely by discharge of mill effluents. the objective of the present study was to determine the 50% l...

The effect of 96 h exposure the goldfish Carassius auratus to two different types bioplastic particles, originating from commercial shopping bag (Bag, ~5 mm) and polylactic acid-based (PLA) cup (Cup, ≤5 mm), petroleum-based polyamide particles (PA, 0–180 µm) was studied. All were studied as virgin after simulated UV-degradation (at concentration 30 mg L−1). experiments conducted according OECD ...