OBJECTIVE To investigate whether apolipoprotein A (apoA)-I glycation and paraoxonase (PON) activities are associated with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Relative intensity of apoA-I glycation and activities of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated PON1 and PON3 were determined in 205 consecutive T2DM patients with st...

Factors other than low bone mass, such as changes in bone quality, may contribute to fracture risk. Non-enzymatic glycation alters bone’s organic matrix [1] and creates collagen crosslinks, collectively termed advanced glycation end products (AGEs) [2]. AGEs accumulation with age stiffens bone's organic matrix, ultimately leading to fracture [3]. Cell culture work in animal models shows increas...

In present study, an in vitro glycation model comprising both plasma and glucose designed to assess glycation inhibitory potentials of N. sativa seed (NS) extracts. Plasma with several glucose quantities in the presence of NS were incubated for thirty-five days at 37°C. Non-enzymatic glycation (NEG) was quantified by Thiobarbituric acid technique. NEG levels were reduced by NS. Higher NS concen...

Recently, the anti-glycation and anticancer properties of curcumin longa and okra seed extract were studied alone and also in combination with the well-established drug metformin. The combined effect of curcumin with metformin and metformin with okra seed extract was found to be highly efficacious in inhibiting Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs). In order to understand the mechanistic impli...

Critical process parameters in bioprocessing include pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature and agitation rate. Glucose is a critical process parameter because it affects the cell’s metabolic profile, production of waste products and post-translational non-enzymatic glycation of proteins. Glycation can also lead to generation of advanced glycation end products, which results in binding inhibiti...

An electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric procedure has been developed for determining glycohemoglobin. Whole-blood samples from 78 diabetic and 50 nondiabetic subjects (glycation range 3-15%, as determined by electrospray mass spectrometry) were diluted 500-fold in an acidic denaturing solvent and introduced directly into a mass spectrometer. The resulting mass spectra were then processed ...

Nonenzymatic glycosylation or glycation of macromolecules, especially proteins leading to their oxidation, play an important role in diseases. Glycation of proteins primarily results in the formation of an early stage and stable Amadori-lysine product which undergo further irreversible chemical reactions to form advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). This review focuses these products in lysine...

The secretory enzyme extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) has affinity for heparin and some other sulfated glycosaminoglycans and is in vivo bound to heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Nonenzymic glycation of EC-SOD, both in vivo and in vitro, is associated with a reduction in heparin affinity, whereas the enzymic activity is not affected. The glycation sites in EC-SOD are further studied in ...

Glycation and oxidation are two mechanisms that have been widely attributed with the generation of advanced glycation end products upon proteins in various pathological conditions. Histones being lysine and arginine rich are prone to these reactions and hence they are susceptible to glycoxidation reactions. Post translational modifications in the highly conserved basic core histone proteins are...

Introduction: Non-enzymatic glycation of proteins has been implicated in various diabetic complications and age-related disorders. Proteins undergo glycation at the N-terminus or at the O-amino group of lysine residues. The observation that only a fraction of all lysine residues undergo glycation indicates the role of the immediate chemical environment in the glycation reaction. Here we have co...