The unicellular photosynthetic model-organism cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 can grow photoautotrophically using CO2 or heterotrophically using glucose as the sole carbon source. Several pathways are involved in carbon metabolism in Synechocystis, and the concerted regulation of these pathways by numerous known and unknown genes is critical for the survival and growth of the organism....

Grp94 and Hsp90 are the ER and cytoplasmic paralog members, respectively, of the hsp90 family of molecular chaperones. The structural and biochemical differences between Hsp90 and Grp94 that allow each paralog to efficiently chaperone its particular set of clients are poorly understood. The two paralogs exhibit a high degree of sequence similarity, yet also display significant differences in th...

Glucose, the most abundant monosaccharide in nature, is the principal carbon and energy source for nearly all cells. The first, and rate-limiting, step of glucose metabolism is its transport across the plasma membrane. In cells of many organisms glucose ensures its own efficient metabolism by serving as an environmental stimulus that regulates the quantity, types, and activity of glucose transp...

lymphomas are solid tumors of immune system and non-hodgkin lymphomas (nhl) is the most prevalent lymphomas; with wide ranges of histological and clinical features, it is so difficult to identify them. herein, various bioinformatics tools (such as gene differential expressions, epigenetics and protein analysis) employed to find new treatment approach for nhl based on gene expression variation b...

Recent advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of congenital hypothyroid goiter in cog/cog mice, have raised important questions concerning the maturation of thyroglobulin (the thyroid prohormone) in certain human kindreds with congenital goiter. We have now examined affected siblings from two unrelated families that synthesize an apparently normally glycosylated, > 300 kD immunore...

Expression of glucokinase in hepatocytes and pancreatic 6-cells is of major physiologic importance to mammalian glucose homeostasis. Liver glucokinase catalyzes the first committed step in the disposal of glucose, and beta-cell glucokinase catalyzes a rate-limiting step required for glucose-regulated insulin release. The present study reports the expression of glucokinase in rat glucagon-produc...

We report the first use of the tightly regulated araBAD promoter for generating uniformly labeled samples for NMR. The araBAD promoter provides a distinct advantage over that of the most commonly used protein overexpression systems in bacteria (e.g., in pET vectors: T7lac), in that it provides much tighter control over basal expression. However, use of araBAD-regulated expression for preparatio...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi enhance plant stress tolerance, but it is unclear whether AM affect heat tolerance in cucumbers. This study aimed to analyze how an fungus, Diversispora versiformis, affected growth, chlorophyll, five osmolytes, and plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene expression cucumber leaves after a short-term (80 h) stress. Heat treatment...