The partial modification of carboxylic acid terminated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers with glucosamine has been reported to give dendrimer glucosamine conjugates novel immuno-modulatory and anti-angiogenic properties. Experimental analysis of these glycosylated dendrimers showed that, on average, eight glucosamine molecules were covalently bound to each dendrimer. In order to better understa...

It was more than 25 years ago that two German researchers quietly associated supplementation of glucosamine to horses with improvement of joint disease. In the 25 years since, glucosamine and its related chemical chondroitin have become the most extensively used non-allopathic treatment for articular inflammation and arthritis in horses. While the practice of supplementing arthritic horses with...

Glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose) and glucosamine-containing products have been reported to have efficacy in the treatment of various musculoskeletal disorders. Glucosamine's efficacy, including reduction of pain, is attributed to disease-modifying properties, specifically to cartilage-rebuilding associated with modulation of interleukin-1-induced activation of chondrocytes and to inhibit...

branes, was measured by the method of Abrams [S]. Endopeptidase activity was measured by incubating 50 pl of each fraction with 450 pI of peptide-coumarin derivative, each at 0.1 11 mM in 50 mM-Tris-HCI, pH 7.5. The release of free 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin was quantified fluorimetrically using excitation and emission wavelengths of 370 nm and 440 nm, respectively. The results obtained for S. cr...

Three-component cascade reactions of (E)-3-arylidene-1-methyl-pyrrolidine-2,5-diones, L-valine and various isatin derivatives are described. A series 17 spiropyrrolidine with wide structural complexity diversity have been thus obtained in moderate to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. The structure stereochemistry these N-heterocyclic cycloadducts has established by spectroscopic ...

Although ketoheptose sugars are known to occur in Nature both free (La Forge, 1916-17; La Forge & Hudson, 1917) and in phosphorylated form (Robison, Macfarlane & Tazelaar, 1938; Benson, Bassham & Calvin, 1951; Horecker & Smyrniotis, 1952; Buchanan, 1953), it is only in very recent years that aldoheptose sugars have been detected in natural products. The aldoheptoses have been found, up to the p...

Activation of peritoneal macrophages from guinea pigs by various bacterial cell walls, M-1 endo-N-acetylmuramidase enzymatically digested bacterial cell walls and synthetic muramyl dipeptides was studied in terms of stimulation of [14C] glucosamine incorporation. All test bacterial cell wall preparations significantly increased a [14C]glucosamine uptake by the macrophages. Some of the water-sol...