Numerous studies have stated that humans need to utilise full sun radiation, at certain times of the day, to assist the body in synthesising the required levels of vitamin D3. The time needed to be spent in the full sun depends on a number of factors, for example, age, skin type, latitude, solar zenith angle. Current Australian guidelines suggest exposure to approximately 1/6 to 1/3 of a minimu...

Solar photovoltaic (PV) cells arranged in complex 3D leaf-like configurations—referred to as a solar tree—can potentially collect more sunlight than traditionally used flat configurations. It is hypothesized that this could be because of two reasons. First, the 3D space can be utilized to increase the overall surface area over which the sunlight may be captured. Second, as opposed to traditiona...

in order to study of the radiation interception and red to far red light ratio variations in sunflower hybrids under drought stress, nine sunflower hybrids in three separate experiments were compared as randomized complete block designs with three replications at the research station of seed and plant improvement institute in karaj in 2006. first experiment (control) was irrigated based on 60 m...

The estimation of global solar radiation incident on the earth’s surface is an important issue for several solar-based applications. From a signal processing point of view, it falls within nonstationary, non-linear/non-Gaussian dynamical inverse problems. In this paper, we propose a sequential Monte Carlo state space approach combining satellite images and in situ data. We propose original obse...

introduction the significant of solar energy as a renewable energy source, clean and without damage to the environment, for the production of electricity and heat is of great importance. furthermore, due to the oil crisis as well as reducing the cost of home heating by 70%, solar energy in the past two decades has been a favorite of many researchers. solar collectors are devices for collecting ...

For the first time, the direct radiative effect (DRE) of aerosols on solar radiation is computed over the entire Mediterranean basin, one of the most climatically sensitive world regions, using a deterministic spectral radiation transfer model (RTM). The DRE effects on the outgoing shortwave radiation at the top of atmosphere (TOA), DRETOA, on the absorption of solar radiation in the atmospheri...