been increasing since the mid-1990s after a century of decline. Previously, the majority of cases were in older UK-born individuals, and mainly resulted from reactivation of latent disease. More recently, however, we are seeing an increasing proportion of cases in individuals born outside the UK, and particularly in recent entrants from countries with high TB incidence, for example sub-Saharan ...

The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most productive and competitive industries in the world. Many of the large pharmaceutical companies (often termed ‘Big Pharma’) base their primary operations in the USA and maintain extensive facilities in countries around the world. Pharmaceutical research is, therefore, an activity of global importance. The intensely competitive and global nature of B...

In January 2006, the Stop TB Partnership launched the Global Plan to Stop TB 2006-2015, which describes the actions and resources needed to reduce tuberculosis (TB) incidence, prevalence and deaths. A fundamental aim of the Global Plan is to expand equitable access to affordable high-quality anti-tuberculous drugs and diagnostics. A principal tool developed by the Stop TB Partnership to achieve...

We assessed the current status of Asian global clinical trials (GCTs) and factors, such as therapeutic areas, main metabolic enzymes targeted, approval status in the United States or the European Union, development strategies, influencing drug-development strategies in Asian GCTs and in general GCTs for drug approval in Japan. The findings suggested that region-specific diseases in Asia, intrin...

One of the most difficult and expensive tasks in making noise pollution maps is the collection and processing of the data needed to create acoustic models. In the case of road traffic noise maps, obtaining speed data for light and heavy vehicles a problem that has usually been avoided by using a road’s speed limit or by making assumptions based on experience from similar road types. Here global...

An economically eficient and eflective transportation system is one of the essential components for the economic and sociai weil-being of agribu~”ness~rms that provi& agricultural andfoodproducls to consumers and end-users in the state. One possible methdfor improving that system is the use of tnteliigent Transportation Systems (ITSS). ITSS are systems that encompass several technologies, inclu...