INTRODUCTION Focal ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is a rare cause of thoracic myelopathy. The lower thoracic spine is most frequently affected and the patients present initially with posterior column disturbances followed by progressively increasing spastic paraparesis. The pathogenesis of OLF has not been conclusively established. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five patients with thoraci...

The Glauciumpaucilobum Freyn population of the Golestan forest contained three major alkaloids; protopine (0.5%), ?-allocryptopine (0.2%), corydine (0.1 %), and six minor alkaloids; N-rnethyllind carpine (0.006), bulboca 'nine (0.04%), 4-hydroxy bulbocapnine (0.001%), Ismorycline (0.04%), arosine (0%02%) and corydine-?-Noxide (0.003%). N-methyllindcrapine, 4-hydroxybulbocapnine and corydine-...

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy can result from degenerative cervical spondylosis, herniated disk material, osteophytes, redundant ligamentum flavum, or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Surgical intervention for multi-level myelopathy aims to decompress the spinal cord and maintain stability of the cervical spine. Laminoplasty was major surgical advancement as laminectomy re...

Spinal stenosis is caused by narrowing of the spinal canal or neural foramina producing root ischaemia and neurogenic claudication [1] . Stenosis of the spinal canal is most often caused by a combination of loss of disc space, osteophytes and a hypertrophic ligamentum flavum. Not all patients with narrowing develop symptoms. However, the narrowing may progress to cause compression of the spinal...