نتایج جستجو برای: giss
تعداد نتایج: 465 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Abstract. There is now substantial literature on climate model studies of equatorial or tropical stratospheric SO2 injections that aim to counteract the surface warming produced by rising concentrations greenhouse gases. Here we present results from first systematic intercomparison responses in three Earth system models wherein injection occurs at different latitudes lower stratosphere: CESM2-W...
We examine the relative importance of chemical precursor emissions affecting ozone (O3) and hydroxyl (OH) for the year 2100. Runs were developed from the Comparison of Tropospheric Oxidants (Ox Comp) modeling workshop year 2100 A2p emissions scenario, part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) third assessment report (TAR). While TAR examined only cumulative change, we examine...
The new generation GISS climate model includes fully interactive chemistry related to ozone in historical and future simulations, and interactive methane in future simulations. Evaluation of ozone, its tropospheric precursors, and methane shows that the model captures much of the largescale spatial structure seen in recent observations. While the model is much improved compared with the previou...
Abstract Forced displacement is inherently spatial, with aspects operating at multiple scales. At the individual scale, space shapes a survivor’s experience. regional mediates our understanding of global processes forced and local responses to these worldwide trends. As long as there has been displacement, some form geographic mapping used understand, represent, reason about displacement. In mo...
This paper concerns the design of a geographic location system to identify urban road sections susceptible runoff accumulation through analysis efficiency surface drainage networks. To this end, combination Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and stormwater models was proposed. First, GIS hydrology tools were employed generate all information required characterise catchments geometrically. Th...
مدل‌های GCM تفاوت آشکاری در برآورد متغییرهای هواشناسی دارند. بدین منظور در این تحقیق قطعیت مدل‌های گزارش پنجم تغییراقلیم ایستگاه سینوپتیک بیرجند با استفاده از سه دوره آتی و دوره پایه و دو سناریو RCP 4.5 و RCP 8.5 برای تعیین متغیرهای هواشناسی مدل‌های GCM بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که برای بارش، مدل CESM1-CAM5 و CANESM2 دارای باندجعبه ای بزرگ و قطعیت کم و مدل-های BNU-ESM و MIROC-ESM-CHEM دارای قطعی...
H. Yu, Y. J. Kaufman, M. Chin, G. Feingold, L. A. Remer, T. L. Anderson, Y. Balkanski, N. Bellouin, O. Boucher, S. Christopher, P. DeCola, R. Kahn, D. Koch, N. Loeb, M. S. Reddy, M. Schulz, T. Takemura, and M. Zhou Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, USA Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, ...
The human-computer interface is a crucial element in the design of the next generation of Geographic Information Systems (GISs). We discuss the user interface design process by separating the formalization of the problem domain (identifying the objects a user manipulates, and their pertinent operations) from its visualization (describing human-computer interaction techniques such as windows and...
Geographic information systems (GISs) with emerging technologies are being harnessed for studying spatial patterns in vector-borne diseases to reduce transmission. To implement effective vector control, increased knowledge on interactions of epidemiological and entomological malaria transmission determinants in the assessment of impact of interventions is critical. This requires availability of...
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