Cryptosporidium and Giardia species are two of the most prevalent protozoa that cause waterborne diarrheal disease outbreaks worldwide. To better characterize the prevalence of these pathogens, EPA Method 1623 was developed and used to monitor levels of these organisms in US drinking water supplies (12). The method has three main parts; the first is the sample concentration in which at least 10...

This study was undertaken to determine the genetic diversities of Giardia intestinalis isolated in Thailand. G. intestinalis cysts were collected from stool samples of 61 subjects residing in Bangkok or in rural communities of Thailand with and without gastrointestinal symptoms. All the cyst samples gave positive tpi amplicons (100% sensitivity), either of the 148- or the 81-bp tpi segments. Cy...

Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan that infects a variety of vertebrates. It is a major cause of diarrhea in agricultural animals. There have been reports of clinical signs in cattle and sheep, which include diarrhea, dehydration and weight loss, however; there are limited drugs available for the treatment of giardiasis in animals. In this study, we compared the therapeutic effect of 20 mg alben...

Abstract Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are two of the most prominent aetiological agents waterborne diseases. Therefore, efficient affordable methodologies for identifying quantifying these parasites in water increasingly necessary. USEPA Method 1623.1 is a widely used validated protocol detecting samples. It consists concentration step, followed by parasite purification visualiza...

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency, characterised by low concentration of serum IgG in association with low serum levels of IgA and/or IgM, despite normal to low number of B-cells and variable T-cells abnormalities. The patients with CVID could present a variety of clinical manifestations, including autoimmunity, malignancy, and recur...

Giardia lamblia is a flagellated, unicellular parasite of mammals infecting over one billion people worldwide. Giardia's two-stage life cycle includes a motile trophozoite stage that colonizes the host small intestine and an infectious cyst form that can persist in the environment. Similar to many eukaryotic cells, Giardia contains several complex microtubule arrays that are involved in motilit...

Abstract Pathogenic protozoa endanger human health and challenge water treatment, especially during outbreaks in developing countries. For instance, Giardia spp. cysts can recirculate the filter backwash (FBW), reinforcing relevance of their detection protocol negligible matrices. This study aimed to detect FBW by direct centrifugation (DC) immunomagnetic separation (IMS) with addition detergen...

A novel quantitative PCR (qPCR) for Giardia at the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) locus was developed and validated. The qPCR was used to screen a total of 3412 lamb faecal samples collected from approximately 1189 lambs at three sampling periods (weaning, post-weaning and pre-slaughter) from eight farms across South Australia (SA), New South Wales (NSW), Victoria (Vic) and Western Australia (WA...