Botulinum toxin type A (BTX) injections are frequently used in children with cerebral palsy (CP) to control spasticity. Injection variables still lead to variable outcomes of this treatment. Using instrumented spasticity assessment and muscle volume assessment the most effective location of the injection was demonstrated for gracilis and psoas muscles in children with CP. It was found that this...

Damaged muscle fibers degenerate and are phagocytosed, but their connective tissue sheaths and myogenic cells survive. New myofibers regenerate within the connective tissue sheath and functional reinnervation is restored. The present study compared regenerating myofibers and their reinnervation in muscle grafts where the original motor endplates were removed and when they were present. In regen...

Using the mouse passive transfer model, the effects of purified human myasthenic immunoglobulin G and of the monovalent Fab fragment on neuromuscular junctions were investigated. Treatment with IgG markedly reduced amplitudes of miniature endplate potentials. When Fab fragments were transferred alone or with subsequent addition of IgG no neuromuscular transmission block was induced. Myasthentic...

Abstract Background Bony fusion rate was significantly lower in patients with type 3 Modic change than normal endplates. It is not known whether there are relevant differences efficiency among 2 sclerotic or non-sclerotic change, no change. Methods A retrospective study contained 196 lumbar segments 123 subjects undergoing posterior interbody (PLIF) pedicle screw instrumentation (PSI) to assess...

congenital myasthenic syndromes (cms) are a group of diseases caused by genetic defects affecting neuromuscular transmission and are heterogeneous in inheritance and pathophysiology. these are classified as: 1. presynaptic defects: including choline acetyl transferase deficiency, paucity of synaptic vesicles, lambert-eaton like cms 2. synaptic defect: endplate ach esterase deficiency 3. postsyn...

Nucleus replacement technologies are a minimally invasive alternative to spinal fusion and total disc replacement that have the potential to reduce pain and restore motion for patients with degenerative disc disease. Finite element modeling can be used to determine the biomechanics associated with nucleus replacement technologies. The current study focuses on a new nucleus replacement device de...