BACKGROUND In many countries, financial assistance is awarded to physicians who settle in an area that is designated as a shortage area to prevent unequal accessibility to primary health care. Today, however, policy makers use fairly simple methods to define health care accessibility, with physician-to-population ratios (PPRs) within predefined administrative boundaries being overwhelmingly fav...

Is the use of an online course delivery format, when compared with the more traditional face-to-face format, good or bad in the context of university education? Those who subscribe to the no-significant-difference perspective argue that online delivery is good, because it allows students with time and geographic distance constraints to obtain the education that they need, with no significant ne...

Point of Departure " First Law of Geography " : " Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things. " — Waldo Tobler, 1970 Fundamental Dialectological Postulate: " Geographically proximate varieties tend to be more similar than distant ones. " — Nerbonne & Kleiweg, 2007 Tested on different types of data (surveys, corpora) Several kinds of geograph...

In this research, we will address the importance of geographical location in relation to supply chain and process choosing a location, relying on basic factors, building mathematical model using linear programming choose most important cities that have high degree connectivity (Accessibility) Iraq from being economical or service distribution centers, either subsidiary It has response speed con...

BACKGROUND Appropriate facility-based care at birth is a key determinant of safe motherhood but geographical access remains poor in many high burden regions. Despite its importance, geographical access is rarely audited systematically, preventing integration in national-level maternal health system assessment and planning. In this study, we develop a uniquely detailed set of spatially-linked da...

Over the last decades our global society has been highly influenced by automobility planning. Growing mobility has been seen as an indication of a well-functioning transport system and a society with increasing welfare. Excessive mobility can at the same time lead to urban sprawl, longer travel distances and travel times as well as other problems that can be associated with lower welfare. A pla...

Measuring how much cybercrime exists is typically done by first defining cybercrime and then quantifying how many cases fit that definition. The drawback is that definitions vary across countries and many cybercrimes are recorded as traditional crimes. An alternative is to keep traditional definitions of crime and quantify the amount of associated information and communication technologies (ICT...

Abstract Researchers in science and engineering have a long tradition of collaboration, and increasingly carry out these collaborations across geographical distance. Similar trends exist in industry, where virtual teams are increasing in frequency. While we know that such dispersed collaborations are difficult, there is growing evidence of success. The physical and biological sciences have led ...

BACKGROUND Serbia has proclaimed access to healthcare as a human right. In a context wherein the Roma population are disadvantaged, the aim of this study was to assess whether the Roma population are able to effectively access primary care services, and if not, what barriers prevent them from doing so. The history of the Roma in Serbia is described in detail so as to provide a context for their...

Background Little is known about the contribution of community health posts and workers (CHWs) to geographical accessibility primary healthcare (PHC) services at level strategies for optimising these services. Methods Using a complete georeferenced census CHWs in Niger other high-resolution spatial datasets, we modelled travel times between 2000 2013, accounting training, commodities maximum po...