OBJECTIVES Prior evidence suggests geographic disparities in the effect of maternal education on child nutritional status between countries, between regions and between urban and rural areas. We postulated its effect would also vary by micro-geographic locations (indicated by mountain areas, plain areas and the edge areas) in a Chinese minority area. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conduc...

Understanding intraspecific geographic variation in animal signals poses a challenging evolutionary problem. Studies addressing geographic variation typically focus on signals used in mate-choice, however, geographic variation in intrasexual signals involved in competition is also known to occur. In Polistes dominulus paper wasps, females have black facial spots that signal dominance: individua...

We studied the genetic diversity of a coral reef fish species to investigate the origin of the differentiation. A total of 727 Acanthurus triostegus collected from 15 locations throughout the Pacific were analyzed for 20 polymorphic loci. The genetic structure showed limited internal disequilibrium within each population; 3.7% of the loci showed significant Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium, mostly...

In this paper we discuss how linguistic and geographic distances can be related using a 3D visualization. We will convert linguistic data for locations along the German-Dutch border to linguistic distances that can be compared directly to geographic distances. This enables us to visualize linguistic distances as "real" distances with the use of the third dimension available in 3D modelling soft...

Context-aware search in mobile web environments demands new retrieval methods that rank web resources based on the proximity to users’ locations. This paper presents the indexing and ranking architecture of a new geographic web retrieval system that can accept the user location as input and ranks searched items based on the estimated distances between the users and the resources. We describe th...

In order to map global disease risk, a geographic database of human Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) occurrence was produced by surveying peer-reviewed literature and case reports, as well as informal online sources. Here we present this database, comprising occurrence data linked to geographic point or polygon locations dating from 1953 to 2013. We fully describe all data collect...

Isolates of the toxic, N(2)-fixing species Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii from various geographic locations were analyzed with respect to their genetic diversity based on the nifH and cpcBA-IGS genes. Gene sequences clustered according to their geographic origin, with the nifH sequences separating into European, Australian, and American groups and the cpcBA-IGS sequences separating into America...

Bitmap models are a known technique to model field based geographic information. Commonly, geographic information is modelled in a crisp sense, even though in reality it most likely is an approximation. In this article, we present the use of bitmap based structures to model imprecise or uncertain locations and ditto regions; these structures should be considered to be extensions of respectively...

Spatial data mining is the process to mine data from spatial data sets like OpenStreetMap or any kind of geographic data. With the emergence of time, Geographic Information get more value from the researchers. This is used to mine useful data and features based on different locations. In related work, existing techniques are based on Dijkstras algorithm and Euclidean distance for spatial data m...

The earliest use of geographical information systems (GIS) in medicine possibly goes back to 1854, when John Snow mapped the outbreak of cholera in London and successfully traced the source of the disease. Years have now passed and the term ‘Geographic Information Systems’ was added to the controlled vocabulary thesaurus of US National Library of Medicine – MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) – in ...