Genomic positions of phenotypically defined disease resistance genes (R genes) and R gene homologues were analyzed in three solanaceous crop genera, Lycopersicon (tomato), Solanum (potato), and Capsicum (pepper). R genes occurred at corresponding positions in two or more genomes more frequently than expected by chance; however, in only two cases, both involving Phytophthora spp., did genes at c...

friedreichs ataxia (frda) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by decreased expression of the protein frataxin. frataxin deficiency leads to excessive free radical production and dysfunction of chain complexes. mitochondrial dna (mtdna) could be considered a candidate modifier factor for frda disease, since mitochondrial oxidative stress is thought to be involved in the p...

Genetic analysis of plant–pathogen interactions has demonstrated that resistance to infection is often determined by the interaction of dominant plant resistance (R) genes and dominant pathogen-encoded avirulence (Avr) genes. It was postulated that R genes encode receptors for Avr determinants. A large number of R genes and their cognate Avr genes have now been analyzed at the molecular level. ...

Coefficient of relationship (r): the proportion of genes (or alleles) that two individuals share by common descent. Coefficient of relationship is a consequence of meiosis and sexual reproduction. Parents share 50% of their genes with their offspring (r=.50). Grandparents share 25% of their genes with their grand-offspring (r=.25). Half sibling share 25% of their genes, on average (r=.25), whil...

Summary: Modern high-throughput studies often yield long lists of genes, of which a fraction are of high relevance to the phenotype of interest. To prioritize the candidate genes of complex genetic traits, our R/Bioconductor package GenRank provides methods that are based on convergent evidence obtained from multiple independent evidence layers. The package facilitates an extensible framework t...

UNLABELLED DNA methylation is an important mechanism regulating gene transcription, and its role in carcinogenesis has been extensively studied. Hyper and hypomethylation of genes is an alternative mechanism to deregulate gene expression in a wide range of diseases. At the same time, high-throughput DNA methylation assays have been developed generating vast amounts of genome wide DNA methylatio...

a b s t r a c t “addiction” is a multifaceted complicated disorder with many interrelated causes, as well as environmental and genetic features. several hereditary variables that have an effect on these features might work in together to influence vulnerability and the extent of being an addict. molecular re-sequencing of the latest and formerly researched genes holds a crucial place with regar...