We have demonstrated that simple formulations composed of the parent drug in combination with generally regarded as safe (GRAS) permeability enhancers are capable of dramatically increasing the absolute bioavailability of zanamivir. This has the advantage of not requiring modification of the drug structure to promote absorption, thus reducing the regulatory challenges involved in conversion of ...

Mucus is a highly viscoelastic and adhesive substance that protects against infection and injury at nearly all entry points to the body not covered by skin. However, mucus also traps potentially life-saving drugs and nucleic acids delivered by synthetic nanoparticles, including those composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL), two FDA-approved polymers commo...

The response to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) in Staphylococcus aureus relies on a two-component system (TCS), GraSR, an auxiliary protein GraX and an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, VraF/G. To understand the signal transduction mechanism by GraSR, we investigated the kinase activity of the cytoplasmic domain of histidine kinase GraS and the interaction with its cognate respon...

Abstract Purpose To date, a total of 13 probiotic Bacillus species are considered as Generally Recognized Safe organism (GRAS) approved by the US Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA), which used for food feed additives. However, velezensis is not candidate in swine farming due to lack genetic basis action-related traits. Therefore, present study was undertaken exploit underlying traits B...

Sugars have a long history of safe use in foods. Placed on the Food and Drug Administration’s list of foods that are ‘‘generally recognized as safe’’ in 1958, sugars and the health aspects of sugar consumption continue to be evaluated. Recent research has focused on several potential sugars and health relationships, sugar consumption and nutritional quality of the diet, recommendations for suga...

184.1005 Acetic acid. 184.1007 Aconitic acid. 184.1009 Adipic acid. 184.1011 Alginic acid. 184.1012 α-Amylase enzyme preparation from Bacillus stearothermophilus. 184.1021 Benzoic acid. 184.1024 Bromelain. 184.1025 Caprylic acid. 184.1027 Mixed carbohydrase and protease enzyme product. 184.1033 Citric acid. 184.1034 Catalase (bovine liver). 184.1061 Lactic acid. 184.1063 Enzyme-modified lecithi...

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play an important role in food, agricultural, and clinical applications. The general description of the bacteria included in the group is gram-positive, nonsporing, nonrespiring cocci or rods, which produce lactic acid as the major end product during the fermentation of carbohydrates.1 The common agreement is that there is a core group consisting of four genera; Lacto...