Block 6 Level 9, Dermatology Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, 169608, Singapore Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a proliferative histiocytic disorder of unknown cause characterized by the accumulation of Langerhan cells in various tissues. Typically a disorder of childhood, features of this disease have been well documented in children but remain ambiguous and poorly documen...

Two young patients presented with generalised lymphadenopathy, otorrhoea, otitis, and rash. Over the next few years chronically discharging sinuses began to form over enlarged nodes and histological appearances were typical of histiocytosis X. In neither case were micro-organisms isolated from the lesions, and in both patients healing occurred with immunosuppressive agents. Chronic dermal sinus...

There are ~750 active and potentially active volcanoes in Southeast Asia. Ash from eruptions of volcanic explosivity index 3 (VEI 3) and smaller pose mostly local hazards while eruptions of VEI ≥ 4 could disrupt trade, travel, and daily life in large parts of the region. We classify Southeast Asian volcanoes into five groups, using their morphology and, where known, their eruptive history and d...

Primary hypothyroidism and type 2 diabetes are both typically associated with the increased level of triglycerides. To date, there have been only a few case reports of type 2 diabetes patients with both type V hyperlipoproteinemia and eruptive xanthomas, but there have been no reports of hypothyroidism patients associated with eruptive xanthomas. We report here on a case of a 48-yr old female p...

BACKGROUND Eruptive xanthomas are benign skin lesions caused by localized deposition of lipids in the dermis. The lesions are generally caused by elevated levels of serum triglycerides that leak through the capillaries and are phagocytosed by macrophages in the dermis. Clinical manifestation varies from asymptomatic skin lesions to intense pruritus and tenderness. METHODS We present a case of...

Five cases of malignant histiocytosis of the intestine and one case of true histiocytic lymphoma were studied using immunohistological techniques. In paraffin sections tumour cells in all cases were shown to contain alpha-1-antitrypsin and to express the leucocyte common antigen. Four of the five cases of malignant histiocytosis of the intestine and the case of histiocytic lymphoma expressed th...

B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the follicular subtype (grade 3/3) affecting the nasopharynx and breast, and containing foci of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, was diagnosed in a 56 year old white woman who was a longstanding heavy smoker. Four years before this she had developed stage 1a mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma affecting the right inguinal region, which was treated by irradiation and ...

the occurrence of langerhans cell histiocytosis (lch) in a patient with lymphoma is an indication of a probable relationship between them. the two conditions have similarities both clinically and histopathologically. occurrence of these two conditions in the same patient, particularly not simultaneously, is rare. according to different management and treatment of these conditions, exact histopa...