A simple atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) is used to investigate the transient response of the stratosphere–troposphere system to externally imposed pulses of lower-tropospheric planetary wave activity. The atmospheric GCM is a dry, hydrostatic, global primitive-equations model, whose circulation includes an active polar vortex and a tropospheric jet maintained by baroclinic eddies. ...

Different models of categorization are often treated as competing accounts, but specific models are often used to understand individual differences, by estimating individual-level parameters. We develop an approach to understanding categorization that allows for individual differences both between and within models, using two prominent categorization models that make different theoretical assum...

The equation is deceptively simple, but there are significant problems associated with the calculation of F 0' F c' and N*. Our research program is directed at problems associated with each of the three terms. Nevertheless, we have focused our initial research on the clear-sky problem. Research on homogeneous and broken clouds problems will occupy more of our efforts during the next few years. ...

A numerical simulation of the upper atmosphere Venus is carried out with an improved version Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL) full-physics General Circulation Model (GCM). This reveals organization atmospheric circulation at altitude above 80 km in unprecedented detail. Converging flow towards antisolar point results supersonic wind speeds and generates a shock-like feature past terminator ...

In the framework of the Mediterranean Forecasting System (MFS) project, the performance of regional numerical ocean forecasting systems is assessed by means of model-model and model-data comparison. Three different operational systems considered in this study are: the Adriatic REGional Model (AREG); the Adriatic Regional Ocean Modelling System (AdriaROMS) and the Mediterranean Forecasting Syste...

A case study of the Sacramento Basin is undertaken to examine problems of planning for the impacts of climate change on water resources utilizing output from general circulation climate models. This work provides a sensitivity analysis linking climate, stream ̄ow, and planning decisions. Water resource planners want reliable time series of stream ̄ow in the basin. Sacramento basin hydrological mo...

This paper presents an update on the detection and attribution of global annual mean surface air temperature changes, using recently developed climate models. In particular, it applies a new methodology that permits the inclusion of many more general circulation models (GCMs) into the analysis, and it also includes more recent observations. This methodology involves fitting a series of energy b...

Dynamically downscaling climate projections from global climate models (GCMs) for use in impacts and adaptation research has become a common practice in recent years. In this study, the CSIRO Mk3.5 GCM is downscaled using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model (RCM) to medium (50 km) and high (10 km) resolution over southeast Australia. The influence of model resoluti...