The CYP2A6 gene, which codes the enzyme, has known to have ahigh polymorphism. This polymorphism could decrease, increase, or eliminate enzyme activity. CYP2A6*4 , an inactive allele, decreased One of enzyme-specific substrates is nicotine. allele decrease nicotine metabolism that causes high levels in blood. In addition, it caused increasing Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) by expan...

objectives: myelodysplastic syndromes (mdss) include a diverse group of clonal bone marrow disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and pancytopenia. it was found that down regulation of apaf1 , a putative tumor suppressor gene, leads to resistance to chemotherapy and disease development in some cancers. in this study, we investigated the relation of apaf1 methylation status with it...

objective: neuregulin1 (nrg1) gene is among the most promising candidate genes for schizophrenia. this gene is located on 8p22-p12, a region with a reported linkage to schizophrenia. several studies have reported an association between schizophrenia and the 5′ end polymorphisms in this gene. however, some studies have failed to confirm the role of nrg1 gene in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia....

background: trichomonas vaginalis causes trichomoniasis and metronidazole is its chosen drug for treatment. ferredoxin has role in electron transport and carbohydrate metabolism and the conversion of an inactive form of metronidazole (co) to its active form (cpr). ferredoxin gene mutations reduce gene expression and increase its resistance to metronidazole. in this study, the frequency of ferre...

background: migraine is a common neurovascular disorder with multifactorial and polygenic inheritance. the aim of this study was to investigate the association of a migraine without aura and ala379val polymorphism of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase a2 (lp-pla2) gene in the iranian population. methods: in this study, 103 migraine patients and 100 healthy controls were enrolled. dna samples ...

conclusions: according to our results, it is likely that the increased frequency of the fcγriiib-na1/na2 genotype is associated with impaired immune responses against vl and its subsequent clearance from the patient. results: our results indicated that polymorphisms within the fcγriiib gene (that lead to the expression of the na1/na2 isoforms) are significantly associated with vl. the results d...

introduction: cystic fibrosis (cf) is a common genetic disorder in white populations with an autosomal recessive pattern, caused by mutations in the cftr gene. the frequency of more than 1950 various mutations reported in the cftr gene significantly varies in different populations. ∆f508 is a common mutation in exon 10, which is first addressed in the molecular analysis of the disease. other ex...

tumor necrosis factor alpha-inducible protein 3 (tnfaip3) gene polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with the susceptibility to several immune-related diseases. here we investigated the effect of tnfaip3 gene polymorphisms on the risk of allergic rhinitis (ar) in a chinese han population. the case-control study included 540 ar patients and 524 healthy controls. genotyping for tnfaip...

extremely low frequency (elf) and radio frequency (rf) electromagnetic field may affect biological systems by raising generation free radicals by decline activities of glutathione peroxidase dismutase or increase in the lifetime of free radicals with inhibited pretreatment of cells antioxidant like that alpha tocopherol. elf and  rf electromagnetic  field maycan damaged dna  with raising level ...