The molecular events underlying the lactation curve of dairy animals have long been a biological conundrum for mammary biologists, and cause considerable loss income farmers. To better understand regulatory mechanisms developmental processes gland during cycle, whole-genome transcriptome profiles bovine tissues at five different stages were investigated using RNA-Seq technique. differentially e...

It has been well established that the occurrence of cancer of the mammary gland of certain strains of mice is greatly influenced by a factor which is transmitted to the young via the mother's milk (Bittner, 1936; see also Dmochowski, 1953; Greenstein, 1954). The nature of this 'nmilk factor' is still uncertain. Huseby, Barnum & Bittner (1950) found that a large proportion of the milkfactor acti...

the fixed regression test-day model (frm) and random regression test-day model (rrm) for genetic evaluation of milk yield trait of dairy cattle in khorasan razavi province were studied. breeding values and genetic parameters of milk yield trait from two models were compared. a total of 164391 monthly test day milk records (three times milking per day) obtained from 19217 holstein cows distribut...

Epigenetic regulation in mammals begins in the first stages of embryogenesis. This prenatal programming determines, in part, phenotype expression in adult life. Some species, particularly dairy cattle, are conceived during the maternal lactation, which is a period of large energy and nutrient needs. Under these circumstances, embryo and fetal development compete for nutrients with the mammary g...

Elf5 is an epithelial-specific ETS factor. Embryos with a null mutation in the Elf5 gene died before embryonic day 7.5, indicating that Elf5 is essential during mouse embryogenesis. Elf5 is also required for proliferation and differentiation of mouse mammary alveolar epithelial cells during pregnancy and lactation. The loss of one functional allele led to complete developmental arrest of the ma...

Our study investigated the potential for important in vivo drug-nutrient transport interactions at the lactating mammary gland using the L-carnitine transporter substrates, cefepime and L-carnitine, as proof-of-concept. On d 4 (n = 6/treatment) and d 10 (n = 6/treatment) of lactation, rats were administered cefepime (250 mg/h) or saline by continuous i.v. infusion (4 h). Serum and milk L-carnit...

We have demonstrated and localized human GH (hGH) gene expression in surgical specimens of normal human mammary gland and in proliferative disorders of the mammary gland of increasing severity using sensitive in situ RT-PCR methodology. hGH mRNA identical to pituitary hGH mRNA was first detected by RT-PCR of RNA derived from samples of normal human mammary gland. Cellular localization of hGH ge...

Two groups of five crossbred 87.5% Holstein cattle were housed in normal shade only (NS) as non-cooled cows and in shaded with misty-fan cooling (MFC) as cooled cows. The cows were treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) in early, mid and late lactation with three consecutive injections of rbST 500 mg of rbST (POSILAC) in every 14 days. During the study, ambient temperature at the h...

Genetic knockout mice studies suggested ATP-binding cassette transporter family G member 2 (ABCG2)/Abcg2 translocates nitrofurantoin at the mammary-blood barrier, resulting in drug accumulation in milk. The purpose of this study was to establish the role of Abcg2 in nitrofurantoin accumulation in rat milk using N-(4-[2-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2-isoquinolinyl)ethyl]-phenyl)-9,10-dihydr...

Alpha (alpha)- and beta (beta)-adrenergic receptors in the bovine mammary gland are mainly present in the teat muscles and in the region where large milk ducts reach the cisternal cavities. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the region of the large mammary ducts is the most important location of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation affecting milk ejection and milk r...