Bone repair and regeneration is one of the most extensively studied areas in the field of tissue engineering. All of the current tissue engineering approaches to create bone focus on intramembranous ossification, ignoring the other mechanism of bone formation, endochondral ossification. We propose to create a transient cartilage template in vitro, which could serve as an intermediate for bone f...

An epithelium is important for integrity, homeostasis, communication and co-ordination, and its development must have been a fundamental step in the evolution of modern metazoan body plans. Sponges are metazoans that are often said to lack a true epithelium. We assess the properties of epithelia, and review the history of studies on sponge epithelia, focusing on their homology to bilaterian epi...

Sponges are a significant component of coral reefs, their bottom cover and density often being similar to or higher than those of stony corals (Rützler 1978; Zea 1993). Among the various morpho-functional types of reef sponges, those that excavate the calcium carbonate reef framework play a key role in the balance between reef accretion and erosion (reviews in Wilkinson 1983; Glynn 1997). Addit...

Imaging within 24 to 48 hours after most neurosurgical procedures is a routine practice. Nonresorbable surgical sponges have radiopaque filaments readily visible on CT scans and plain film radiographs. However, the proton-poor barium sulfate responsible for this radio-opacity is generally not detectable on MR imaging in the immediate post-operative period. Findings on MR imaging become more evi...

37 38 39 Physical, thermal and microstructural properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) and chicken 40 skin gelatin mixtures were investigated. This is a first study on the compatibility of an 41 unutilised gelatin source from chicken skin with a well-characterised food protein. The 42 physical-chemical and rheological properties of chicken skin gelatin alone, were reported in 43 our previous p...

Most of the children who showed systemic immediate-type reactions, including anaphylactic shock, to measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccines had IgE antibodies to gelatin; thus we suspected that the allergic symptoms are caused by gelatin antigen, which is usually included in these live-virus vaccines as a stabilizer. We hypothesized that the anti-gelatin IgE is elicited by immunization ...