This paper proposes an inverse kinematic model for deformable robots made entirely of electro-active polymer gel. The required method is to control higher degrees of freedom than numbers of input. We have been proposed a kinematic and dynamic model of electro-active polymer system and derived a variety of motions of gel robots by applying spatially varying electric fields. However, inverse kine...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of subgingival application of Carisolv gel as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing (SRP) on calculus removal compared to conventional instrumentation. Forty-five teeth requiring extraction due to severe periodontal disease were randomized to the following treatments: 1) SRP alone; 2) placebo gel + SRP; 3) Carisolv gel + SR...

In the microfabrication processes, it is necessary to examine the quality of the structures to ensure the whole process runs smoothly. However, the examination process of pattern defects is interrupted during the fabrication of high-aspect-ratio microstructures. The inevitable pattern defects arise from capillary forces which occur during the liquid drying process. In this paper, a new method t...

BACKGROUND The i-gel differs from other supraglottic airway devices, in that it has a softer, non-inflatable cuff. This study was designed to compare the performance of the i-gel and the LMA-Unique (LMA-U) when used during anaesthesia in paralysed patients. METHODS Both devices were studied in 39 anaesthetized, paralysed patients in a randomized crossover trial. The primary outcome was airway...

      Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent which has an extensive use in rheumatic disorders. Since its skin penetration is still a subject for research, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on percutaneous penetration of piroxicam gel formulation through skin. In this study, as a model, two types of 0.5% piroxicam new gels, so called red and gr...

We describe a dipeptide hydrogel with unusual aging characteristics. Over time, a transformation from a turbid gel to a transparent gel occurs which is initiated from the air-water interface. Here, we investigate this transition and discuss the implications of this aging on the bulk properties of the gel.

In vivo enamel fluoride (F) uptake as a function of time after a single application of a new topical APF gel, MinuteGelTM (gel A) , was compared to a control APF gel, Nupro ® (gel B). The retained F in enamel after different post-treatment intervals also was assessed. Forty orthodontic patients aged 10-16 with four premolars scheduled for extraction were divided into two subgroups according to ...

Stimuli responsive dynamic changes in the networks of self-assembled gels result an alteration physical and chemical properties gel with time.

BACKGROUND Microbicide candidates delivered via gel vehicles are intended to coat the vaginal epithelium after application. The coating process depends on intrinsic biophysical properties of the gel texture, which restricts the potential choices for an effective product: the gel first must be physically synthesizable, then acceptable to the user, and finally applied in a manner promoting timely...