Glycine betaine (GB) is an important compatible solute that protects plants against the damaging effects of abiotic stresses. A number of plants have been engineered to contain genes of the GB biosynthetic pathway, which confers enhanced tolerance to a range of abiotic stresses during various plant developmental stages. Unlike natural accumulators, the transgenic plants accumulate very low GB c...

antidiabetic action of garlic is established in animal studies. since all of the pervious studies have focused on the therapeutic role of garlic, this study investigated the preventive effect of garlic juice on biochemical factors and histological features in streptozotocin (stz)-induced diabetic rats. forty male rats were divided into five groups (n = 8): 1-normal group (n), 2-normal+garlic gr...

In this paper, we are concerned with the krainbow domination problem on generalized de Bruijn digraphs. We give an upper bound and a lower bound for the k-rainbow domination number in generalized de Bruijn digraphs GB(n, d). We also show that γrk(GB(n, d)) = k if and only if α 6 1, where n = d+α and γrk(GB(n, d)) is the k-rainbow domination number of GB(n, d).

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) viral glycoproteins play important roles in the infectious life cycle and have been implicated in KSHV-associated endothelial cell transformation, angiogenesis, and KS-induced malignancies. KSHV-associated primary effusion lymphomas (PELs) secrete high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and viral interleukin-6 (vIL-6) in vitro and ...

BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication in glioblastoma (GB) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective medical record review identified 294 GB patients with VTE or ICH; 146 patients with sufficient treatment records were included. Treatment approaches for GB patients who developed VTE were also reported. RESULTS Of 146 patients, 41 (28%) developed VTE and 3 (2%...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the neuroprotective effects of Ginkgolide B (GB) against ischemic stroke-induced injury in vivo and in vitro, and further explore the possible mechanisms concerned. METHODS Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-treated N2a cells were used to explore the neuroprotective effects of GB. The expression...

Glycoprotein B (gB) is a key component of the complex herpesvirus fusion machinery. We studied membrane interaction of two gB ectodomain forms and present an electron cryotomography structure of the gB-bilayer complex. The two forms differed in presence or absence of the membrane proximal region (MPR) but showed an overall similar trimeric shape. The presence of the MPR impeded interaction with...

OBJECTIVES Gastric resection may predispose gallstone formation. However, the mechanism has not been clearly understood. To evaluate the relationship between gastric resection and gallstone formation, we compared gallbladder(GB) motility in gastrectomized patients and control subjects. METHODS We compared the GB volume and ejection fraction of the 46 gastrectomized patients with 37 healthy co...

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Local anesthetics are used routinely and effectively. However, many are also known to activate neurotoxic pathways. We tested the neuroprotective efficacy of ginkgolide B (GB), an active component of Ginkgo biloba, against ROS-mediated neurotoxicity caused by the local anesthetic bupivacaine. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with different concentrations of bupivacaine alone or following preincubatio...