Recently, the spatial contradiction in rural construction has intensified. Production–living–ecological (PLE) spaces, as important load-bearing patterns of revitalization, have become a research focus territorial space planning. Because lack studies on scale and accuracy at township level PLE objective this study is to quantify subfunctional functional areas weigh relationship between functions...

Objective: This study carried out to monitor the status of nutritional management and measuring difference between present and desired feeding system in dairy cattle of rural conditions of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. Methods: 334 rural flocks consisting of 1442 dairy cows were selected from seven towns of this province. The experiment was lasted for in a year and using completely randomized desi...

The aim of this study is to investigate the understanding of wealth, poverty, inequality and unemployment in South African Black (African) children aged 7, 9, 11 and 14 drawn from a rural, an urban and a semi-urban setting. Two hundred and twenty-®ve children (80 rural, 60 urban and 85 semi-urban) were interviewed individually in Setswana, their mother tongue. The urban children were living in ...

Recent years have witnessed the revival of organised mass opposition to Apartheid. Fighting in the townships, labour unrest, classroom revolts, rent strikes, consumer boycotts, worker stayaways and guerilla warfare all these have become familiar features of South Africa's political landscape since 1976. From the inception of the United Democratic Front (UDF) in 1983, though, radical black oppos...

A prospective survey of social mixing patterns relevant to respiratory disease transmission by large droplets (e.g., influenza) or small droplet nuclei (e.g., tuberculosis) was performed in a South African township in 2010. A total of 571 randomly selected participants recorded the numbers, times, and locations of close contacts (physical/nonphysical) and indoor casual contacts met daily. The m...

BACKGROUND while life expectancy among older people has been lengthened due to improved public health and medical interventions, the importance of health-related quality of life in later life has also increased. However, the application of a generic health-related quality of life measure for older people needs to be carefully validated. OBJECTIVE to evaluate the practicality, reliability, val...