Just as there are frictional losses associated with moving masses on a surface, what if there are frictional losses associated with moving information on a substrate? We propose to model these losses as proportional to “bit-meters,” i.e., the product of mass of information (i.e., its entropy) and the distance of information transport. For communication across a binary input AWGN channel, by obt...

We investigate the idea that linear contracts are reliable because they give the same incentives for effort at every point along the contract. We ask whether this reliability leads to a microfoundation for linear contracts, when the principal is profit-maximizing. We consider a principal-agent model with risk neutrality and limited liability, in which the agent observes the realization of a mea...

This paper studies second-order coding rates for memoryless channels with a state sequence known non-causally at the encoder. In the case of finite alphabets, an achievability result is obtained using constant-composition random coding, and by using a small fraction of the block to transmit the type of the state sequence. For error probabilities less than 1 2 , it is shown that the second-order...

Given an appropriate imaging resolution, a common Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) model assumes that object under study is composed of piecewise constant materials, so that MRI produces piecewise constant images. The intensity inhomogeneity (IIH) is modeled by a multiplicative inhomogeneity field. It is due to the spatial inhomogeneity in the excitatory Radio Frequency (RF) signal and other ef...

We compute the exact value of error probability per symbol (SER) for triangular quadrature amplitude modulation (TQAM) scheme in the case of AWGN channel. Also, we derive an upper and a lower bounds for SER in this case. The results , as well as the simulations, show that the difference between the exact value of SER and the upper bound bound is constant. Hence the simple upper bound can be use...

We are interested in reaction-diffusion equations that model excitable media under the influence of an additive noise. In many models of this type, the homogeneous zero state is stable and interesting dynamics is observed only for certain initial data. In the presence of noise, the excitable media is stimulated and the noise may be sufficiently large to nucleate wave forms. In computations, we ...

Gaussian white noise models have become increasingly popular as a canonical type of model in which to address certain statistical problems. We briefly review some statistical problems formulated in terms of Gaussian "white noise", and pursue a particular group of problems connected with the estimation of monotone functions. These new results are related to the recent development of likelihood r...