reduction of exhaust emissions is a major research task in diesel engine development in view of increasing concerns regarding environmental protection and stringent exhaust gas regulations. simultaneousreduction of nox emissions and particulate matter is quite difficult due to the soot/nox trade-off and isoften accompanied by fuel consumption penalties. towards this aim, automotive engineers ha...

A mathematical model is presented to explain the regulation of nitrogenase electron allocation to N2 fixation (EAC) in legume nodules. The model is based on two assumptions: (a) that H2 inhibits N2 fixation in a competitive manner; and (b) that O2, H2, and N2 move into and out of nodules by diffusion and their movement is impeded by a diffusion barrier, the permeability of which is controlled t...

Potential sources of gaseous microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass are varied. However, it is known that membrane oxygenators generate fewer gaseous microemboli than bubble oxygenators and that bubblers cannot utilize arterial heat exchange without generating significant gaseous microemboli during rewarming. A membrane oxygenator utilizing simultaneous gas and heat exchange raises the con...

In a recent paper [Yiotis et al., Phys. Rev. E 85, 046308 (2012)] we developed a model for the drying of porous media in the presence of gravity. It incorporated effects of corner film flow, internal and external mass transfer, and the effect of gravity. Analytical results were derived when gravity opposes drying and hence leads to a stable percolation drying front. In this paper, we test the t...

the state of works of art exhibited inside museums can be strongly influenced by indoor air quality, due to chemical activity of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter. for that reason it is important to carry out periodic air quality controls to check if the concentration levels of air pollutants comply with the limits specified by the national laws. in this work we show results obtained in...

The catalytic-rich/gaseous-lean (R/L) combustion concept was investigated experimentally and numerically for syngas fuels with H2:CO volumetric ratios 1:0, 4:1 1:2, catalytic-rich stoichiometries ?rich = 2–10 (including operation without air), pressure of 8 bar air preheat 673 K. Experiments were performed in a subscale R/L burner optical access to both gaseous-lean stages. OH-PLIF monitored th...

A kinetic theory describing chemical reactions on crystal surfaces is introduced. Kinetic equations are used to model physisorbed-gas particles and chemisorbed interacting with fixed potentials colliding phonons. The phonons assumed be at equilibrium the species coupled similar atoms surface. An arbitrary number of gaseous species, surface heterogeneous considered may polyatomic. entropy introd...

One of the mechanisms often suggested for the biological action of ultrasonic beams irradiating human tissues is concerned with the presence in the tissues of minute gaseous bubbles which may, under the influence of the ultrasonic field be stimulated to grow to a size a which resonance or collapse occurs with severe associated shear stresses. The evidence for the existence of microbubbles in ti...