In an earlier paper (J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 26 (1993) 4689) we introduced the notion of cycle percolation in the Bose gas and conjectured that it occurs if and only if there is Bose-Einstein condensation. Here we give a complete proof of this statement for the perfect and the imperfect (mean-field) Bose gas and also show that in the condensate there is an infinite number of infinite cycles of p...

Optical trapping and manipulation of neutral particles has led to a variety of experiments from stretching DNA-molecules to trapping and cooling of neutral atoms. An exciting recent outgrowth of the technique is an experimental implementation of atom Bose-Einstein condensation. In this Letter, we propose and demonstrate laser-induced trapping for a new system--a gas of excitons in quantum well ...

In an earlier paper (J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 26 (1993) 4689) we introduced the notion of cycle percolation in the Bose gas and conjectured that it occurs if and only if there is Bose-Einstein condensation. Here we give a complete proof of this statement for the perfect and the imperfect (mean-field) Bose gas and also show that in the condensate there is an infinite number of macroscopic cycles.

SiO is one of the most abundant reacting oxygen bearing condensable gas-phase species in molecular astronomical regions. Based on laboratory smoke condensation experiments and analysis of end products, it was conjectured that silicate formation in the circumstellar envelopes surrounding M-type giants begins with the formation of pure SiOx clusters. There are no direct and almost no experimental...

The Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) critical temperature in a relativistic ideal Bose gas of identical bosons, with and without the antibosons expected to be pair-produced abundantly at sufficiently hot temperatures, is exactly calculated for all boson number densities, all boson point rest masses, and all temperatures. The Helmholtz free energy at the critical BEC temperature is lower with an...

Q u a n t u m c o n d e n s a t i o n o f a n i n t e r a c t i n g f e r m i o n o r b o s o n g a s is f o r m u l a t e d w i t h t h e h e l p o f t h e m e t h o d o f t h e q u a s i e x p e c t a t i o n v a l u e 1 . A c o n v e n i e n t v e r s i o n o f th i s m e t h o d w a s , f o r t h e b o s o n g a s , g i v e n r e c e n t l y b y t h e a u t h o r 2> 3 . I t is a d a p t e d...

The variation of an ionizing flux as a mechanism to stimulate the condensation of a diffuse gas is considered. To illustrate this effect, two situations are examined: one on the context of pregalactic conditions, and the other on the context of the actual interstellar medium. We focus our attention on flash-like variations; that is, during a “short” period of time the ionizing flux is enhanced ...

By quenching the strength of interactions in a partially condensed Bose gas, we create a "supersaturated" vapor which has more thermal atoms than it can contain in equilibrium. Subsequently, the number of condensed atoms (N(0)) grows even though the temperature (T) rises and the total atom number decays. We show that the nonequilibrium evolution of the system is isoenergetic and, for small init...

A fundamental property of a three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate is long-range coherence; however, in systems of lower dimensionality, not only is the long-range coherence destroyed but additional states of matter are predicted to exist. One such state is a "transverse condensate," first predicted by van Druten and Ketterle [Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 549 (1997)], in which the gas condenses in ...

A gas-kinetic method for the hyperbolic-elliptic equations is presented in this paper. In the mixed type system, the co-existence and the phase transition between liquid and gas are described by the van der Waals-type equation of state (EOS). Due to the unstable mechanism for a fluid in the elliptic region, interface between the liquid and gas can be kept sharp through the condensation and evap...