Several studies have assessed nuclear imaging tests for localizing the source of fever in patients with classic fever of unknown origin (FUO); however, the role of these tests in clinical practice remains unclear. We systematically reviewed the test performance, diagnostic yield, and management decision impact of nuclear imaging tests in patients with classic FUO. METHODS We searched PubMed, ...

Canine visceral leishmaniasis has been denoted as neglected despite being a very well-known disease. Trace element alteration recognized in humans with and cutaneous leishmaniasis, together canine leishmaniasis. The trace elements occupy vital position the immunological system, host immune responses mitigate defense against We aimed to select total of 45 dogs several breeds; those at age 11 mon...

There are many potential causes of FUO. Most cases are due to unusual presentations of common diseases rather than rare or exotic diseases. The key to establishing the diagnosis is a careful history and careful repeated examinations followed by targeted investigations.

Background Fever of unknown origin (FUO) and unexplained signs of inflammation are challenging medical problems and predominantly caused by infections, malignancies and noninfectious inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDGPET) and of its combination with computer tomography technology...

Leishmaniasis - human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection can manifest itself as tegumentary or visceral leishmaniasis. Almost 35 countries have reported autochthonous coinfections. Visceral leishmaniasis is more frequently described. However, usual and unusual manifestations of tegumentary leishmaniasis have been reported mainly in the Americas, but the real prevalence of Leishmania infec...

Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania transmitted by insects of the genus Lutzomyia sp. or Phlebotomus sp. The main syndromes are cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. This article reviews kidney involvement in cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, highlighting...

Leishmaniasis is endemic and mandatorily notifiable in Greece. Epidemiological surveillance data for leishmaniasis in Greece between 1981 and 2011 are presented. In 1998, the notification system began distinguishing between visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. The mean annual incidence of reported leishmaniasis cases between 1998 and 2011 was 0.36 per 100,000 population. Of a total 563 leishma...

OBJECTIVE To identify a set of variables that could discriminate patients with adult-onset periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome from subjects with fever of unknown origin (FUO). METHODS We enrolled 74 adults diagnosed with PFAPA syndrome according to the currently used pediatric diagnostic criteria and 62 additional patients with FUO. After ...

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic and vector-borne infectious disease that caused by the genus Leishmania belonging to trypanosomatid family. The protozoan parasite has digenetic life cycle involving mammalian host an insect vector. Leishmaniasisis worldwide public health problem falling under neglected tropical category, with over 90 endemic countries, approximately 1 million new cases 20,000 deaths...

Leishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease that is caused by obligate intra-macrophage protozoa, is endemic in large areas of the tropics, subtropics and Mediterranean basin. This disease is characterized by both diversity and complexity [1], it is caused by more than 20 leishmanial species and is transmitted to humans by about 30 different species of phlebotomine sandflies [2]. Leishmaniasis consis...