Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a group of obligate plant symbionts which can promote plant nutrition. AMF communities are diverse, but the factors which control their assembly in space and time remain unclear. In this study, the contributions of geographical distance, environmental heterogeneity and time in shaping AMF communities associated with Miscanthus giganteus (a perennial grass ...

Negative population feedbacks mediated by natural enemies can promote species coexistence at the community scale through disproportionate mortality of numerically dominant (common) tree species. Simultaneously, associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can result in positive effects on tree populations. Coupling data on seedling foliar damage from herbivores and pathogens and DNA seq...

1. While it is well established that leaf litter decomposition is controlled by climate and substrate quality at broad spatial scales, conceptual frameworks that consider how local-scale factors affect litter decay in heterogeneous landscapes are generally lacking. 2. A critical challenge in disentangling the relative impacts of and interactions among local-scale factors is that these factors f...

Composting is the process of decomposition and transformation solid organic substances by microorganisms (mainly bacteria fungi) into a stable material, which can be used (depending on characteristics) in agriculture, instead chemical fertilizers or land improvement works (soil improvement. The composting consists two stages: mechanical treatment (fermentation). In case treatment, waste crushed...

Fire effects on ecosystems range from destruction of aboveground vegetation to direct and indirect belowground microorganisms. Although variation in such is expected be related fire severity, another potentially important poorly understood factor the effect seasonality soil We carried out a large-scale field experiment examining spring (early-dry season) versus autumn (late-dry- burns community...

Soil trophic networks are key to biogeochemical cycles, in particular decomposition. However, few studies have yet quantified how microbial decomposition activity along environmental gradients is jointly driven by bacteria, fungi, and their respective consumers. Here, we these direct indirect effects on contrasted them between forests open habitats using multiple elevational the French Alps. Wh...

Fungi are very important group of microorganisms with maximum number of representatives. Fungi provide several direct or indirect benefits to mankind such as decomposition of organic material, bioremediations of toxic materials, production of antibiotics and other industrial products etc (Rani et al., 2014; Kawaguchi et al., 2013; Sunna et al., 1997). In contrast to the benefits, fungi can also...

? Fine roots and mycorrhizal fungi may either stimulate leaf litter decomposition by providing free-living decomposers with root-derived carbon, or slow through nutrient competition between saprotrophic fungi. We reduced the presence of fine their associated in a northern hardwood forest New Hampshire, USA soil trenching. Plots spanned gradient from 96% arbuscular (AM) associations to 100% ecto...

Abstract Microbiota are essential components of the soil, driving biogeochemical cycles. Fungi affect decomposition and biotic interactions with plants across scales. Climate projections suggest that extended dry seasons may transform sensitive rain forests into savanna-like vegetation, consequent changes in biogeochemistry. Here we compare impacts natural seasonality 14 years partial throughfa...

Although it is considered to be an environmental-friendly approach reduce recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass, current fungal pretreatment methods suffer from major weaknesses, including inefficient delignification, loss cellulose, and the need for long processing time. The addition Mn white-rot treatment process could facilitate selective removal lignin. However, effect on thermal decompo...