This review briefly examines some of the earlier research that lists the natural soil enemies of plant-parasitic nematodes. The major emphasis is on research developments of the past decade that consider biological control of nematodes. The importance ofbiocontrol has arisen as a consequence of the loss of the two effective but hazardous nematicidal soil fumigants, namely dibromo-chloropropane ...

Gasotransmitters are biologically produced gaseous signalling molecules. As gases with potent biological activities, they are toxic as air pollutants, and the sulfurous compounds are used as fumigants. Most investigations focus on medical aspects of gasotransmitter biology rather than toxicity toward invertebrate pests of agriculture. In fact, the pathways for the metabolism of sulfur containin...

We used the California Pesticide Use Reports to study use of fungicides, bactericides, fumigants, and selected insecticides, primarily for vegetable, fruit, and nut production in California from 1993 to 2000. There were no obvious trends in decreased use of most compounds used to treat plant disease. However, growers have rapidly adopted recently introduced "conventional" compounds. There is ve...

Abstract Plant parasitic nematodes cause significant yield reductions worldwide. Before development of soil fumigation, sustainable practices were developed for nematode management; but utilized with limited success. The restricted availability fumigants and other nematicides, has stimulated a return to research into more management scenarios. In recent years, new tools have been that improve t...

Six general-purpose fumigants and one fungicide were applied by different methods and evaluated for control of nematode-fungus complexes on cabbage grown for transplant production. All chemicals reduced populations of nematodes and soil-borne fungi but varied greatly in effectiveness. Methyl bromide + chloropicrin (98% methyl bromide + 2% chloropicrin) (MBR-CP gas), DD + methyl isothiocyanate (...

Infestation of grain by insects is widely controlled by the use of insecticides. Use of contact insecticides results in chemical residues left in the food which may have adverse effects on humans. Also insects develop resistance to both contact insecticides and fumigants. Microwave disinfestation offers an alternate way to disinfest grain. Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies r...

The Weyerhaeuser Corporation is a large forest products company operating private bare-root nurseries in the United States and British Columbia, Canada (Littke 1994a). Due to concerns over the continued availability of methyl bromide for tree seedling production, Weyerhaeuser formulated a strategy to identify and investigate potential alternatives to methyl bromide including alternatives that r...