a Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA b Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA c Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA d Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New...

Authors Ataru Sakuraba*, Futoshi Takahashi*, Masaki Matsushima*, Takatoshi Yanagisawa*, Yasuko Yamagishi* and Yozo Hamano* *1 Department of Earth and Planetary Science, School of Science, University of Tokyo *2 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology *3 Institute for Research on Earth Evolution, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth S...

The earth-atmosphere stray light can lower contrast ratio and SNR of spatial optical remote sensors, or even fail the system at certain conditions. Errors in the calculation of the stray light illuminance based on point source are very large, for the satellite’s altitude is only several hundred kilometers and far less than the radius of the earth. This paper proposed a stray light illuminance c...

constructed upon a height (by footing) or breaking in to the ground, in a building, making a close relation between earth and soil is of great importance. in addition, earth as a prior factor in creation of a shade and residence, plays a crucial role in architecture history. throughout the different area, earth is paid attention differently: as a source of cool (in china), a source of heat (cap...

We consider the period of a simple pendulum in the gravitational field of the spherical Earth. Effectively, gravity is enhanced compared with the often used flat Earth approximation, such that the period of the pendulum is shortened. We discuss the flat Earth approximation, and show when the corrections due to the spherical Earth may be of interest.