Seed production and seed survival are critical elements in the life cycle of a plant, giving rise to next generation mediating population- community-level dynamics (Clark et al., 2007; Green 2014; Maron & Crone, 2006; Turnbull 2000). Mortality events that happen early can be bottleneck for recruitment individuals population, with sometimes disproportionate effects on community composition (Fenn...

here, we propose an add-drop and a channel drop filter based on two-dimensional photonic crystal all circular ring resonators. these structures are made of a square lattice of silicon rods with the refractive index n1=3.464 surrounded by air (with refractive index n2=1). the broadest photonic band gap occurs at the filling ratio of r/a = 0.17. two linear defect w1 waveguides couple to the ring....

Zithulele Hospital is a deeply rural district hospital in the Eastern Cape province. Beset by staffing, procurement and infrastructure problems, the maternity service in 2005 was poorly organised and offered an inadequate standard of care. By our estimates, nearly 50% of women were still delivering at home. Three years of effort focused on regular auditing to identify problems and improve our s...

An experiment was conducted at the Fruit Research Farm of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during 2019–20 to study impact mineral nutrients on fruit drop, powdery mildew and quality attributes ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) cv. Umran. A 15 year’s old plants were sprayed with like calcium nitrate @0.25 0.50%; potassium sulphate boric acid @0.40 0.60% liquid sulphur 0.50% along control (...