Abstract The International Court of Justice recognized the legitimacy ‘non-party intervention’ under Article 62 Statute in its 1990 landmark decision on Nicaragua’s intervention Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute (El Salvador v. Honduras) . Such form ‘is not intended to enable a third State tack new case, become party, so have own claims adjudicated by Court’. Its purpose is ‘protecting...

During a gathering ofhistorians at the World’s Columbian Exhibition in Chicago in 1893, Frederick Jackson Turner presented an essay titled “The Sign Ulcance of the Frontier in American Histoiy. “ Turner ‘s article, also known as the Frontier Thesis, argued that the settlement ofthe frontier made the American nation unique. Turner credited the frontier’s settlement as the primaryforce in shaping...

One of the most common approaches for multiobjective optimization is to generate the whole or partial efficient frontier and then decide about the preferred solution in a higher-level decision-making process. In this paper, a new method for generating the efficient frontier for multiobjective problems is developed, called the diversity maximization approach (DMA). This approach is capable of so...

Argumentation can be viewed as a process of generating explanations. We propose a new argumentation semantics, related admissibility, for closely capturing explanations in Abstract Argumentation, and distinguish between compact and verbose explanations. We show that dispute forests, composed of dispute trees, can be used to correctly compute these explanations.

This paper simultaneously explores the determinants of the developing countries’ production frontier and their ‘efficiency’ in using the available resources and technology. In doing so it allows for the transfer of (industrial country) technology in determining the frontier and for international trade to influence absorptive capacity and national efficiency levels. Stochastic frontier analysis ...

The outcome of a production process might not only deviate from a theoretical maximum due to inefficiency, but also because of non-controllable influences. This raises the issue of reliability of Data Envelopment Analysis in noisy environments. I propose to assume an i.i.d. data generating process with bounded noise component, so that the following approach is feasible: Use DEA to estimate a ps...

According to Aristotle, man is a “zoon politicon" meaning that humans essentially always want interact in society. However, this view different from Thomas Hobbes who mentioned human nature, namely "homo momini lupus", are wolves other humans. Man's desire meet his needs often causes problems. The process of solving legal problems Indonesia can be classified into two categories: litigation or n...

This paper tests Caldwell’s mass schooling hypothesis in the context of rural Pakistan. His hypothesis was that the onset of the fertility transition is closely linked to the achievement of “mass formal schooling” of boys and girls. Punjab and Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP) were selected for this study because they appear to be on the leading edge of the demographic transition—a transition ...