We describe the CoNLL-2000 shared task: dividing text into syntactically related nonoverlapping groups of words, so-called text chunking. We give background information on the data sets, present a general overview of the systems that have taken part in the shared task and briefly discuss their performance.

Practice, and the performance improvement that it engenders, has long been a major topic in psychology. In this paper, both experimental and theoretical approaches are employed in an investigation of the mechanisms underlying this improvement. On the experimental side, it is argued that a single law, the power law of practice, adequately describes all of the practice data. On the theoretical si...

We present a new translation model that include undecorated hierarchical-style phrase rules, decorated source-syntax rules, and partially decorated rules. Results show an increase in translation performance of up to 0.8% BLEU for German–English translation when trained on the news-commentary corpus, using syntactic annotation from a source language parser. We also experimented with annotation f...

This paper tries to discuss the interrelation between prosody and syntax by clarifying some syntactic constraints in Chinese prosodic segmentation and grouping. The main attention will be paid to search for (1) possible correlation between prosodic breaks and syntactic construction; (2) possible correlation between prosodic breaks and POS; and (3) the role of syntactic and lexical information i...

A stratigraphic section from the Tirgan Formation was selected in Arkan village nearby Bojnourd city in order to study echinoderm fauna systematically. Many specimens of echinoderms, especially toxasteridae which is associated with brachiopods were collected and studied systematically in this paper. Microscopie slides were also prepared and studied. All slides contain benthic foraminifers and c...

A rapid expansion of the anchor market is required to meet increasing demand for floating offshore wind. This paper, which aimed at a broad readership within and beyond geotechnical engineering, summarises current state-of-the-art discusses future developments types design methods. Current technologies are presented via comparative analytical assessments performance across range practical scale...

Coralline red algae are highly abunadant and well diversified in the well exposed carbonate deposits of the Lower Pliocene Shagra Formation at Wadi Wizer, Red Sea coast, Egypt. Lithostratigraphically, the Shagra Formation unconformably overlies the Late Miocene Marsa Alam Formation and underlies the Quaternary deposits. This carbonate facies is dominated by different assemblage of coralline red...

Hierarchical or nested annotation of linguistic data often co-exists with simpler non-hierarchical or flat counterparts, a classic example being that of annotations used for parsing and chunking. In this work, we propose a general strategy for comparing across these two schemes of annotation using the concept of entailment that formalizes a correspondence between them. We use crowdsourcing to o...