Background:Dialysis is a process for eliminating extra uremic fluids of patients with chronic renal failure. The present study aimed to determine the variables that influence the survival of dialysis patients using random survival forest model (RSFM) in low-dimensional data with low events per variable (EPV). Methods:In this historical cohort study, infor...

This article examines the basic social science concepts of "power" and "social exchange" in order to determine the possibility and desirability of integrating them. It is argued that: (1) all exchange relationships can be described in terms of conventional power concepts without twisting the common-sense notions that underlie such concepts; (2) most-but not necessarily all-power relationships c...

Stoic behavior is defined as a behavior in which students tend not to seek help with a challenge. We investigated two types of stoic behavior: keeping-off behavior, in which students restrain themselves from requesting help, i.e., keep levels of help support at a minimum, and self-fading behavior, in which students voluntarily lower levels of support on their own volition. Three experiments wer...

This paper argues that the Invertible Construction (IC) in Chinese is a kind of distributive construction. What appears to be an inversion of word order is best understood as the division of the theme NP to be acted upon by a number of agents for an embedded event. This analysis best captures a number of otherwise intractable properties of the IC including the necessarily quantitative interpret...

Knowledge has proven to be a useful and fundamental formalism for reasoning about distributed systems. The application of this formalism, however, entails a loss of volition on the part of processes about which something is known. This loss of volition is often not appropriate in loosely coupled distributed systems. In this paper, we generalize the formal characterization of knowledge into one ...

The Encyclopedia of Algorithms provides a comprehensive set of solutions to important algorithmic problems for students and researchers, including high-impact solutions from the most recent decade. A must-have for computer scientists, this encyclopedic reference has been edited by Ming Yang Kao, Editor-in-Chief of the top journal in the field, Algorithmica. All of the entries have been written ...

In the majority of people, functional differences are observed between the two cerebral hemispheres: language production is typically subserved by the left hemisphere and visuospatial skills by the right hemisphere. The development of this division of labour is not well understood and lateralisation of visuospatial function has received little attention in children. In this study we devised a c...

Consider sets X and Y each with associated membership functions. Further suppose that there is a map f : X → Y . A membership may be induced onY from the membership ofX calculated using the extension principle, and the two memberships on Y may be combined to give an overall membership. The point with the highest membership in X can be determined directly or by back mapping the value with the hi...

The concept of upper and lower semicontinuity of fuzzy mappings introduced by Bao and Wu [Y.E. Bao, C.X. Wu, Convexity and semicontinuity of fuzzy mappings, Comput. Math. Appl., 51 (2006) 1809–1816] is redefined by using the concept of parameterized triples of fuzzy numbers. On the basis of the linear ordering of fuzzy numbers proposed by Goetschel and Voxman [R. Goetschel, W. Voxman, Elementar...