Since the introduction of combined immunosuppressive therapy with oral cyclophosphamide (CYC) and glucocorticosteroids in the 1970s, the outcome of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides, for example, in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener`s), improved dramatically. However, the long-term follow-up of patients treated with CYC plus glucocorticosteroids has revealed hi...

BACKGROUND Development of steroid dependency is one of the difficult problems in the management of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, leading to increased morbidity, complications and cost of treatment. Thus, predicting early in the disease course will be useful in counseling parents and may improve treatment strategy. OBJECTIVES To determine the clinical characteristics that can pr...

BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a white and grey matter disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It is recognized that cortical damage (i.e. focal lesions and atrophy) plays a role in determining the accumulation of physical and cognitive disability that is observed in patients with progressive MS. To date, an association of cortical lesions with clinical relapses has not been describ...

Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (anti-GBM) is usually characterized by rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and when autoantibody production has ceased, relapses are rare. Here, we report a 71-year-old women diagnosed at a stage of mild renal insufficiency. Over a period of 10 years, she experienced three mild relapses with return of anti-GBM antibodies, haematuria and slight eleva...

OBJECTIVE The cure rate after treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV) differs in various investigations, but most studies report a cure rate of 70% after 1 month. METHODS A long-term observation study after successful treatment of BV has been undertaken. The original study was a treatment study of BV and included 50 patients. RESULTS We were able to identify 44 of the original 50 patients. Th...