t=1 exp (k1 cos(θt − θt−1) + k2 cos(θt − θt−2)) , (2) p(yt|at, θt) = Norm(yt; at cos(θt + ω̄t), σ 2 y). (3) The joint distribution over the amplitudes is a multivariate truncated Gaussian. Therefore, when the von Mises process becomes an independent, uniform distribution (k1 = 0 and k2 = 0), the model reduces to that of Sell and Slaney with a particular spectral weighting function determined by ...

This article is concerned with the detection of mixed modulation (MM), i.e., simultaneously occurring amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM). In experiment 1, an adaptive two-alternative forced-choice task was used to determine thresholds for detecting AM alone. Then, thresholds for detecting FM were determined for stimuli which had a fixed amount of AM in the signal interval o...

today there are different vibration isolators used in industries according to the weight and excitation frequency of the machines which have vibration. one of them is air spring which is in two types: convoluted air spring and membrane air spring. convoluted air springs are used to control vibrations in low frequency (usually lower than 10 hz) and the membrane ones are used in high frequency (u...

The static charge sensitive bed (SCSB) is a simple and noninvasive device used for the detection of sleep apnoea. In addition to episodes of apnoea or hypopnoea, heavy snorers commonly present with episodes of high frequency spiking on the SCSB. These spiking episodes have been claimed to represent partial upper airway obstruction during sleep, but the mechanism of their appearance is not known...

Temporal modulations in stimulus amplitude are essential for recognizing and categorizing behaviorally relevant acoustic signals such as speech. Despite this behavioral importance, it remains unclear how amplitude modulations (AMs) are represented in the responses of neurons at higher levels of the auditory system. Studies using stimuli with sinusoidal amplitude modulations (SAMs) have shown th...

Stability in the frequency domain is commonly specified in terms of spectral densities. The spectral density concept is simple, elegant, and very useful, but care must be exercised in its use. There are several different but closely related spectral densities, which are relevant to the specification and measurement of stability of the frequency, phase, period, amplitude, and power of signals. C...

Introduction: High-frequency DC-AC inverters as the LCC inverter shown in Fig. 1 are used in a variety of applications including electronic ballasts and induction heating. Input variations in both the bus voltage (amplitude modulation, AM) and the switching frequency (frequency modulation, FM) result in amplitude variations at the load. A common objective is to model the AC dynamics from input ...

Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can identify network alterations that occur in complex psychiatric diseases and behaviors, but its interpretation is difficult because the neural basis of the infraslow BOLD fluctuations is poorly understood. Previous results link dynamic activity during the resting state to both infraslow frequencies in local field potentials (LFP) (<1...

Temporal modulations in stimulus amplitude are essential for recognizing and categorizing behaviorally relevant acoustic signals such as speech. Despite this behavioral importance, it remains unclear how amplitude modulations (AMs) are represented in the responses of neurons at higher levels of the auditory system. Studies utilizing stimuli with sinusoidal amplitude modulations (SAMs) have demo...

The forces acting on the substrate in intermittent-contact-mode (IC mode, tapping mode) atomic force microscopy are not accessible to a direct measurement. For an estimation of these forces, a simple analytical model is developed by considering only the shift of the cantilever resonance frequency caused by Hertzian (contact) forces. Based on the relationship between frequency shift and tip–samp...