LIBRARY TRENDS, Vol. 63, No. 1, 2014 (“New Perspectives on Intellectual Freedom,” edited by Mark McCallon), pp. 75–108. © 2014 The Board of Trustees, University of Illinois Abstract Traditionally the concept of intellectual freedom has developed out of the perspective of users’ rights to access library materials. The American Library Association (ALA) codified this with the Library Bill of Righ...

scientific progress and development is one of the significant issues and hot debates of the iranian government. there are some researches and seminars carried out and held regarding influential factors of scientific progress. unfortunately there is no proper place for legal and institutional factors but exceptionally and partially (intellectual property rights factor). my idea is that scientifi...

for kant, it is impossible for theoretical reason to prove human autonomy and freedom. he, therefore, tries to prove it as an axiom by practical reason or ethics. kant believes freedom as the quality of human will. he has known free will to be the same as autonomous will; that is, human will would be considered free in such a case that it causes some effects while being itself not caused by the...

Elections held during May 2007 in England and Scotland for the first time allowed accredited observers access to polling stations and counts. This provided an opportunity for detailed scrutiny of the use of e-voting and e-counting equipment in these elections. This article assesses the use of these technologies using observations from 10 constituencies and data obtained using Freedom of Informa...

Research thrives – indeed can hardly do without – data. It is the raw information upon which better understanding, and better knowledge is based. Indeed one whole assumption underpinning some visions of Electronic Government – such as Wiki-Gov – is the idea that data which has been collected for a specific government task can be re-used in ways which further public service goals through citizen...